建物附設地下停車場火場通風排煙特性探討

本研究以探討當前台灣一般建築物附設之地下停車場火場救災之通風排煙作業特性及效能為重點，經由相關法規整理及文獻資料分析，獲得以下三點結論：(1)一般建築物附設之地下停車場之火場特性有異於專用地下停車場及一般建物居室，包括火載量大小、煙霧粒子比重及粒徑、煙流速率與延燒面積，因此適用之法規內容均有差異。(2)建築物附設地下停車場之救災危險性高於一般建築物本體居室，火場煙流對於救災及避難逃生作業有更嚴重的影響。(3)地下停車場之火場煙流排放方式受到環境風場影響很大，無論採用任何一種排煙方式，建物周遭風場及建物本身所導致的擾流及壓力差均有待詳細評估與驗證。本研究採用Smartfire火災數值模擬軟件進行CFD煙流分析，以探討地下停車場垂直開口高度與煙囪效應之關係，驗證評估自然通風排煙方式的效益範圍，提供未來地下停車場規劃設計及擬定防救災對策之參考。

關鍵字

Smartfire ；地下停車場；通風排煙；煙流

並列摘要

Based on the analysis of the characteristics and performance of ventilation and smoke in the firefighting of the underground car park attached to the general buildings in Taiwan, this study has obtained the following three conclusions through the relevant rules and regulations and the analysis of the literature: (1) The characteristics of the fire in the residential underground car park are different from those of the dedicated underground car park and the general building room, including the size of the fire load, the proportion and the size of the smoke particles, the smoke flow rate and the area of the burning. Therefore, the applicable regulations are different. (2) The danger of disaster relief in the underground parking lot of the building is higher than that of the general building body. The smoke flow has a more serious impact on disaster relief and evacuation operations. (3) The fireworks emission from the underground parking lot is greatly determined by the environmental wind field. Regardless of the ventilating method, Disturbance and pressure difference caused by the wind-field and the building itself are to be evaluated and verified in detail. In this study, the CFD smoke flow analysis was carried out by using Smartfire fire simulation software to discuss the relationship between the vertical opening height of the underground parking lot and the chimney effect. This verifies and evaluates the benefit range of the natural ventilation and exhaust emission mode, provide the reference for the future design and development of the underground car park.