哈薩克斯坦與美俄戰略關係研究

哈薩克斯坦獨立後迄今，在美俄兩國全球戰略爭奪中，成為競逐的焦點。本文將從二個階段來論述：第一階段，哈薩克斯坦獨立到2001年911事件前；第二階段，911事件後迄今。在此期間，發生較深的大事件分別有「911事件」、「顏色革命」、「安集延事件」等。這些事件背後的影響以及美國深入歐亞大陸舉措，確令俄羅斯擔憂且必須審慎因應，此也突顯出哈薩克斯坦對俄羅斯的重要性；另美國修改策略積極拉攏哈國，亦改變對其的態度，顯示出哈國成為國際地緣政治的新焦點。從國家利益角度審視美俄在中亞競逐，研究發現，911事件前，美國全球戰略的首要目標在於防止競爭強權崛起；事件發生後，反恐成為其首要，防止強權崛起則位居次位。而俄羅斯則是以一直視中亞為其後院，隨著美國勢力的進入，其在中亞的利益有被瓜分之虞，進而加以防範。而哈薩克斯坦長期以來受俄影響甚鉅，美雖透過支持加入WTO、樹立大國地位等舉措積極拉攏，但仍無法破壞俄哈間之友好關係。本文將從美、俄、哈三國於這兩個階段中，藉由雙邊的互動關係演變、相互牽連下，來探討哈薩克斯坦在與美、俄的相互競逐下的戰略價值與及其生成的角色定位。本研究期從哈薩克斯坦獨立後，以911前後兩個時期與美俄的關係發展為主軸，試圖探討哈薩克斯坦的與美俄關係發展演變及未來展望與限制。

關鍵字

哈薩克斯坦；俄美關係；中亞； 911事件；顏色革命；大中亞計畫

並列摘要

Kazakhstan's independence so far, in the United States and Russia compete in the global strategy to become the focal point of competing. This article will discuss two stages: the first stage, independent Kazakhstan in 2001 to 911 before the incident; the second phase, after the 911 so far. In the meantime, the event took place deep were the "911 Incident", "color revolutions", "Andijan events" and so on. Behind the impact of these events, as well as the United States and the Eurasian continent-depth measure, is worried about Russia must be careful to face, it highlighted the importance of Kazakhstan to Russia; another change in strategy for the United States also actively soliciting Kazakhstan, but also change its attitude shows the status of Kazakhstan an important role in the country. From the perspective of national interests to compete for the United States and Russia in Central Asia, the study found 911 incident, the primary objective of U.S. global strategy is to prevent the rise of competitive power; incident, the anti-terrorism as its top priority, to prevent the rise of the power among secondary. And Russia in Central Asia are based, as has been its backyard, with U.S. forces to enter, and its interests in Central Asia in danger of being carved up, and to guard against crimes. Russia and Kazakhstan has long been affected by the huge support, though the United States to join WTO, the status of major powers to establish a positive initiative to draw, but still can not undermine Russia's friendly relations between Kazakhstan. This article from the United States, Russia, Kazakhstan three countries in these two stages, with strategic triangle of the interaction between the evolution of mutual involvement, to explore with the United States in Kazakhstan, Russia to compete for each other and the strategic value and generate roles. In this study, after independence from Kazakhstan, 911 in two periods before and after the development of relations with the United States and Russia as the principal axis, an attempt to explore the relationship between Kazakhstan and the evolution of the United States and Russia and future prospects and limitations.