本研究旨在探討國軍幹部的領導管理模式與義務役士兵適應問題之關係。為達成研究目的,首先蒐集有關文獻,加以研覽與分析,以作為本架構之理論基礎。在實證研究方面,抽取海軍分屬陸戰隊、艦艇單位及陸岸等三個單位的義務役士兵共計629人為樣本。研究工具以自編的「個人基本資料」、「家庭因素量表」、「國軍幹部領導行為描述量表」、「軍中生活情況」及「義務役士兵軍中適應情形量表」,進行問卷調查。 本研究主要發現有:(一)役男個人教育程度愈高,其部隊適應力相對較差。(二) 幹部領導管理模式中「協商民主」之領導模式,與役男部隊適應問題呈非常顯著相關性。(三)「專制獨裁」的領導模式與役男適應問題亦呈現非常顯著正相關。(四)「仁慈權威」的領導模式與役男適應問題呈現顯著負相關。(五)「部隊訓練」與役男適應問題呈顯著相關性。(六)長官重視營舍環境改善與士兵適應問題呈非常顯著相關性。 本文並提出以下建議:(ㄧ)針對役男個人:重視家庭親子關係,加強役男情感支持。(二)針對領導幹部:建立正確的領導統御觀念及作法,有效掌握役男心理與動態;自我提升,學習情緒管理,暢通雙向溝通管道;掌握官兵家庭狀況,綿密家屬聯繫。(三)針對國軍政策:針對不同階層之領導幹部,給予不同之領導統御相關課程;加強心理素質訓練,提升役男抗壓能力;持續改善營舍環境,提升官兵生活品質。
The purpose of the present study is to discuss the relationship between leadership styles and the military adjustment of the compulsory navy soldiers. There were three navy units selected as our 629 sample, namely, marine units, surface battle unit, and logistic unit. A survey was designed to measure soldiers’ personal characteristics, family background, leadership styles, and military adjustment problems. The main findings are, first, the higher the education level, the lower the adjustment ability; second, deliberative democracy leadership increases the positive adjustment; third, autocracy leadership increases more negative adjustment; fourth, authoritatian leadership creates more negative adjustment; fifth, on-site training creates more adjustment problems and finally, the improvement of living environment can enhance soldiers’ adjustment. Some recommendations were made in the last part of this study to improve navy soldiers’ adjustment problems: first, a strong family tie and emotional support can increase compulsory navy soldiers’ adjustment when serving in the military; second, proper training on leadership, emotion management and communication skilll should be offered to the commanders; third and finally selecting suitable commanders, screening soldiers’ psychological characters and improving the physical environment are prioritized stretegries when training young navy soldiers for defense ministry.