修復式正義應用於少年犯罪協商之研究－以臺北市觸法少年為例

Application of Restorative Justice Reconciliation Conference on Juvenile Crime－Examples from Juvenile Delinquents in Taipei City

蔡麗滿(Li-Man Tsai)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

修復式刑事司法認為犯罪是一種社會關係的破壞，希望藉由發現問題、回復損害、治療創傷，積極尋求加害者、被害者及社區能共同參與修復及治療，以期使加害者在賠償與道歉過程中，學習負責態度以及同理心，最終目的避免再犯。少年行為事件自警方偵查開始，乃至法院調查審理過程，加/被害者，甚至社區的重要人士，隨時可提出協商和解會議，此會議是以社會衝突觀點解釋少年犯罪行為，不是指責加害少年本身，是透過會議讓少年加害者知所錯，了解對被害者及其家人和社區所造成的影響，並能誠心誠意道歉、賠償，藉此獲得被害者諒解，使其重回正常生活。協商過程提供雙方充分對話機會，以使對程序滿意度、結果滿意度、修復程度以及對於調解效果與機制認同。
本研究主要運用修復式正義之各項要素、程序與不同犯罪少年事件的探究，及其運用過程之問題探討，試圖整理分析未來將修復式正義推動至少年衝突事件最佳方式之研究。因此，本研究目的主要在於比較修復式正義應用於不同少年犯罪事件對加害者效果的差異、可能遭遇的問題，並分析修復式正義推動於少年犯罪事件之最佳方式。研究採訪談、觀察、文件分析等方式進行，樣本來自地方法院少年法庭之觸法少年，計有7名少年及2名家長。
研究結果顯示：被害者接受誠心誠意的道歉，少年加害者獲得修復程度與滿意度高；而協商會議成功率與主導者有關，經由法官主導之協商會議，因其專業權威且提供加/被害雙方充分表達意見機會，因此協商成功率高，雙方的滿意度也比較高；協商結果都有道歉儀式，但不一定會求償；修復式正義運用在不同的少年犯罪事件，對加害人不同成效，其中以性侵害犯罪之加害人，生活適應與關係修復較弱，而傷害案件因以受傷一方為被害者，怨懟較多，關係修復成效低；協商程序之權利保障，影響關係修復程度與滿意度。整體而言，少年刑事司法程序，父母是推動協商，發展修復式正義的關鍵。
鑒於此建議，各法院成立調解委員，以使修復式正義廣為推廣；審慎評估不同事件當事人，提供或轉介社福機構，以協助少年良好生活適應；加強第一線基層社工人員、老師、警察學習修復式正義的理念與精神。總之，修復式正義是一種處理犯罪及各種偏差行為的革新性措施，任何人都會發生錯誤的事件，無須因道歉而難過或羞愧，畢竟修復式正義是在提倡人類互助及互相關懷的共同責任，修復式正義並非嚴肅的理念，應落實在日常生活中。

關鍵字

少年犯罪 ； 修復式正義 ； 協商 ； 賠償 ； 滿意度

並列摘要

In restorative justice, it is believed that crime is a damage to social relationship. There should be a rehabilitation and treatment process through which the offender, the victim, and the community can work together to discover the problems, restore the damage, and heal the wound. By way of compensation and apology, an offender can learn to be responsible and empathetic and will hopefully never commit crime again. During the process, the offender, the victim, and important people from the community can call a meeting any time to negotiate for a settlement, even when the police are investigating the incident or even when the court proceedings are carrying on. The meeting is convened to explain juvenile crime based on the perspective of social conflict, not to blame the juvenile criminals themselves. It is hoped that through the meetings, the juvenile offenders can learn why they have done something wrong and understand the adversary impact that they have caused on the victims, their families, and the communities. Thus, they will sincerely apologize to and compensate for the victims to win their forgiveness. And everyone can return to normal life. The reconciliation process should provide adequate opportunities for both sides to conduct dialogue, so that both sides will agree to the mediation mechanisms and feel satisfied with the process itself, the mediation results, and the degree of restoration.
In this study, the author has used the elements and procedures of restorative justice to explore the different juvenile-crime incidents. By studying the issues and problems occurring during the process, the author hopes to find out the best way to promote the use of restorative justice approach to the juvenile-crime incidents. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to compare how different the effectiveness on the offenders would be when the restorative justice approach is applied to different juvenile crimes and also to observe what problems we may encounter in the process, thus working out the best way to promote the restorative justice approach to the juvenile crime. In this study, the author has conducted research interviews, observation, and document analysis. Samples have been collected from the juvenile court of the district court. The cases of seven juvenile criminals and two parents of theirs have been studied.
The results have showed that the more the victim accepts a sincere apology, the higher the degree of restoration and satisfaction the juvenile offenders will have. The success of a consultative meeting depends heavily on who conducts it. When it is led by a court judge, the consultative meeting is considered most successful because the judge owns professional authority and gives both sides the opportunity to fully express their views. As the consultation is successful, both sides also feel more satisfied relatively. The consultation would normally result in an apology ceremony but not necessarily a claim for compensation. The restorative justice process used in the different juvenile criminal cases will result in different effects on the offenders. Those offenders who commit sexual harassment have comparatively weak adjustment to life and restoration to relationship. In the injury cases, the injured, who consider themselves the victims in the incidents, have more bitterness in mind and suffer from low restoration to relationship. Protection of rights in the consultation process influences the degree of the restoration to relationship and satisfaction as well. Overall, the parents play a key role in promoting the consultation and development of restorative justice in the juvenile criminal justice process.
It is suggested that the courts establish Mediation Committees to widely promote the restorative justice process; they carefully assess the concerned parties in different events in order to provide or refer them to appropriate social welfare agencies and to assist the juvenile in adapting to their society; they should educate the front-line, grass-root social workers, teachers, police officers to learn the concept and spirit of restorative justice approach. In short, the restorative justice approach is an innovative measure to deal with crimes and deviant behaviors. Any human may make mistakes and commit crimes. It is not necessary to feel sad or shameful when making an apology. The purpose of restorative justice is, after all, to promote the shared responsibility of human beings to support and care for each other. The restorative justice is never a serious idea. However, it should be implemented in daily life.

並列關鍵字

Juvenile delinquency ； restorative justice ； consultation ； compensation ； satisfaction

參考文獻

周愫嫻，2004，《少年犯罪》。臺北：五南。

胡中宜，2005，＜少年犯罪轉向計畫之比較研究：以美、德、港、台四地為例＞。《犯罪與刑事司法研究》5：1-35

許春金，2003，＜修復式正義的實踐理念與途徑--參與式刑事司法＞。《犯罪與刑事司法研究》1：37-65

許春金、陳玉書等，2006，＜從修復式正義觀點探討緩起訴受處分人修復性影響因素之研究＞。《犯罪與刑事司法研究》7：141-188

許春金、陳玉書等，2007，＜調解制度中受調解人修復性影響因素之研究----修復式正義觀點＞。《犯罪與刑事司法研究》9：1-52