- 學位論文
企業水資源管理與產品水足跡案例探討
Enterprise Water Resource Management and Case Study on Product Water Footprint
摘要
水是人類生存的基本需求，亦是發展國民經濟不可缺少的重要資源。然而世界許多地區，對水的需求已遠超過水資源所能負荷的程度。因此，如何更精確的掌握水資源運用狀況，以達成妥善規劃與分配為當今重要之議題。有鑑於此，國際間各組織皆展開相關水資源管理行動，並著手制定相關水足跡評估工具，以供個人、組織甚至國家利用評估工具來估算水資源使用情形。水足跡可視為水資源使用之指標，其概念考量了產品製程與提供服務之直接用水與間接用水，水足跡計算由綠色水足跡、藍色水足跡及灰色水足跡加總所得。 當今企業組織越來越重視企業社會責任，除了經營績效外，其對社會及自然環境的影響也都將納入企業經營管理之考量中，故本研究藉由文獻回顧了解水足跡評估工具之使用方法及特性，以桌上型電腦主機作為研究案例，選定國內二知名電腦廠商，以其經銷商所在地，利用世界企業永續發展協會發展之全球水工具分析企業水資源風險，並挑選其中一家廠商之桌上型電腦主機，利用水足跡網絡組織發表之水足跡評估手冊估算產品水足跡，結果得知電腦主機原料使用及製程中並無綠色水足跡，而灰色水足跡則遠大於藍色水足跡。期望藉由本研究結果可提供相關企業在水資源規劃管理之參考，並促使水足跡議題日益受到企業所重視，以各種水足跡評估工具，進一步了解企業及產品水資源使用情形，使水資源使用情形更加透明化，並建議各國應儘早促使企業及相關部門進行水資源使用盤查，以利水足跡之估算，提供水資源規劃管理參考，降低未來面臨水資源缺乏之風險。
並列摘要
Water is the basic need for human survival, is also an important and indispensable resource for the development of national economy. However, in many regions of the world, the demand of water resource has already exceeded its capacity. Therefore, how to grasp the applications of water resource accurately in order to achieve proper planning and allocation becomes an urgent and important issue currently.For this reason, international organizations have developed many management actions for water resource and water footprint assessment tools for individuals, organizations and countries as well, in order to use those tools for estimating the consumption of water. The water footprint can be seen as an indicator of water consumption, its concept consists of green water footprint, blue water footprint and gray water footprint and the sum of them. Enterprises and organizations nowadays paid much more attention to corporate social responsibilities, in addition to operating performance, the impacts on the social and natural environments were also considered into their business management; hence this study analyzed the usage and characteristics of water footprint assessment tools by literature review, and took desktop computer as a case study thereafter. We’ve selected two well-known computer firms, base on the locations of their dealers, and conducted the enterprise risk analysis of water resources by using Global Water Tool (GWT) which’s developed by World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). The study also chose a type of desktop computer made from one of the two selected firms and estimated product water footprint by using The Water Footprint Assessment Manual published by the Water Footprint Network (WFN). The result showed that there’s no green water footprint within raw materials using and production of the host, furthermore, the gray water footprint is much larger than the blue water footprint. Expectations from this study can provide reference in decision making of water planning and management of water resources for enterprises, enterprises attach great importance to water footprint day by day;.Various water footprint assessment tools to understand the usage of water resources of the enterprises and products. In order to make the consumption of water resources more transparent and its estimation, provision of reference for decision making and reduction of risk in water shortage in the future, each country should encourage enterprises and relevant departments to implement water consumption inventory as soon as possible.