從政策學習觀點研究日本的管制影響評估(RIA)：以日本環境省為例

POLICY LEARNING ON REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS (RIA)：CASE STUDY OF MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, JAPAN

龍子煜(Tzu-Yu)

指導教授 ： 張世賢

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

府際或國際間在政策上的學習在今日全球化時代中日益重要。本文運用政策學習理論，以日本環境省為個案，透過文獻蒐集探討學習管制影響評估(RIA)的內涵以及影響其學習的因素，並提出提高其實施成功性之建議。此外，也運用該理論以及文獻蒐集與訪談，探討台灣學習RIA時的過程與可能面對的困境，並提出我國可借鏡日本實施經驗之處及其它建議。
本研究發現，政務官與事務官、手段、組織型態、作業規範、監督與審查等為影響日本環境省學習RIA時的關鍵因素。此外，台灣可借鏡日本的實施經驗之處為：實施的架構性質、審查機關、作業規範、實施對象、人事與技術面。
根據上述發現，提出日本環境省實施RIA在政治、行政、經濟、法律面對台灣環保署的啟示。本文也建議日本環境省要提高RIA的成功性有以下作法：(1)降低環境省的限制性程度；(2)提高主要政黨的參與性；(3)加強宣導；(4)減低高度立法與低度執法的差距；(5)追蹤評估；(6)風險的考量；(7)責任的確立。此外，對台灣實施RIA之建議作法為：(1)政策之推動：循序漸進之長短程方案；(2)科技軟體之開發；(3)組織文化之培養。

關鍵字

日本環境省；台灣；政策學習；管制影響評估

並列摘要

It is more and more important to learn about policies among governments or states each other in the globalization. By the theories of policy learning, this theme is to discuss that ministry of the environment of Japan has learnt regulatory impact analysis (RIA) and to find what factors have impacted learning processes to propose suggestions of enhancing RIA success with literature review. In addition, this theme also discusses how Taiwan learns experiences from Japan with in-depth interview and literature review.
With this case study, key factors of impacting ministry of the environment of Japan to learning RIA are administrative officers, methods, an organization state, a work standard, inspecting and examining. Furthermore, Taiwan could learn experiences of implementation construction, examination institution, work standard, implementation object, officers and technology from Japan.
According to the above discovery, this research suggests that ministry of the environment of Japan implements RIA in politics, administration, economy, law to environment protection administration of Taiwan. Moreover, This theme suggest that ministry of the environment of Japan would enhance RIA success to have following methods: (1) reducing the restrictive degree; (2) enhancing participation of major parties; (3) strengthening the guidance; (4) decreasing disparities between legislating highly and low enforcement; (5) tracing and appraising; (6) considering risk; and(7) establishing accountability. The suggestions to Taiwan implementing RIA is: (1) promoting policy from short term to long term project; (2) developing technology; and (3) raise positive organization culture.

並列關鍵字

ministry of the environment of Japan ； policy learning ； RIA ； Taiwan

參考文獻

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