大陸配偶實施面談機制失效因素之研究

A Study on the Factors of Invalidity Interview of Mainland Spouses

陳維宗(Wei-Tsung Chen)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

1、研究目的：大陸配偶通過面談若有犯罪或非法行為而遭強制驅逐出國，這種經由機構面談仍發生缺失，所以需經透過與移民署面談官及大陸配訪談找到原因，經檢討改善面談機制之相關措施，以增強面談機制應有的效能。
（1）從96年1月至8月間觀察，若大陸配偶通過面談機制後，如有非法行為之發生經查獲者，將探討面談機制之可能失效原因。
（2）臺灣地區國人若通過訪談及大陸配偶到達臺灣地區後實施面談，從整個面談機制歷程探討有何缺失。
（3）瞭解面談機制主要失效之原因後，試圖研擬改善面談機制之相關措施，以增強面談機制應有之成效。
2、研究方法
本研究先從瞭解面談機制業務性質與內容及是否無法偵破大陸配偶來臺之犯罪機會，探討國人與大陸配偶已有效遏阻「事前」之假結婚，但仍無法阻止後續「偶發」變質的假結婚，從事非法打工或非法活動。
採用資料分析法與深度訪問法探討依據所獲得的資料，作層級分析與交叉比對，再依據資料分析結果提出研究發現，最後提出結果及建議。
3、研究內容
（1）96年度大陸配偶來臺從事非法活動被查獲案件人數為全部合法入境人數約占為0.86%，而所謂「從事非法活動」案件，其中「通過面談失效案件」竟高達9.8%，所占比例之高而令人矚目。
（2）對於大陸配偶來臺後影響其面談失效而達非法狀態，經訪談面談官普遍認為「重要」原因為1. 大陸人民來臺未曾發生行方不明、偷渡或逾期停留情事。2.大陸配偶來臺期間撤管或之前無註參等情事。3. 大陸地區人民來臺無假結婚真賣淫或打工情事。4. 大陸地區人民無重覆結婚或離婚經公證有資料可稽。5. 大陸配偶有經兩岸公證無觸犯刑事案件紀錄。6. 大陸配偶之健康檢查，有經兩岸公證書證明。
（3）對於大陸配偶來臺後影響面談失效而達非法狀態，經實際觀察行為及訪問歸納影響1. 家庭不睦。2.離家出走。3.夫妻個性不合。4.夫收入不佳或賭博、生病、施暴等。5. 找尋居住於臺灣之同鄉或朋友。6. 有逾期停留、行方不明之紀錄。7.為謀生而打工、從事伴唱或陪酒。8.個案訪查、查戶口及臨檢場所次數較少。9.生活適應不順及環境壓力大。
4、研究結果
1、大陸配偶來臺入境實施面談通過而失效被查獲，進行訪談，獲得結論如下：
1.被探人或保證人與大陸配偶，不管從思想上、觀念上、言詞上相互間溝通非常困難。
2.對於人蛇集團或假夫妻，及人口販運分子，刑期處罰有限，難收到嚇阻作用，亟待有關主管機關修法改進。
3.對於行方不明之大陸配偶未能落實管制事項，有待修法提升機制功能。
4.極高比例之大陸配偶，因家庭不睦常自行外出打工賺錢維生。印證犯罪學家之理性選擇理論（Rational Choice Theory），可解釋大陸配偶違法或非法打工行為。
5.國人與外籍、大陸地區人民之婚姻關係，亟需規劃具體照顧輔導措施。
6.犯罪問題的發生來自於經濟面的問題未能獲得解決，其中失業率應是關鍵因素。
（2）對於面談官實施面談，訪談後獲得結論如下：
1.各縣、市專勤隊現有人力普遍不足。
2.法令授權及修訂不完備。
3.面談對象非在本縣市事前訪查或動態查察困難。
4.申請人未限制團聚面談申請次數。
5.法規未限制在臺配偶經濟條件。
6.大陸配偶被查獲假結婚或再婚資格，致生查緝取締困難及衍生社會問題。

關鍵字

大陸地區 ； 面談 ； 面談機制失效 ； 查察 ； 大陸配偶 ； 假結婚 ； 人蛇集團 ； 效度

並列摘要

I.Study purpose: After the mainland spouses have had pass their own interview that anyone had any crime or illegality, they would have deported. Because the institutionalized interview are strictly, it still unbelievably found the defaults Due to finding out the cause of the interview officer and the mainland spouse accepted by the hospice to in-depth interviews. According to examine and ameliorate the affiliated measures of the mainland spouses’ interviews, increasing the effect on it.
1.Observed the period from January to August, 2007. After the mainland spouses have had pass themselves own interview that anyone had any crime or illegality, we would have reviewed the possibility reasons of the invalidity mechanism of the mainland spouses’ interviews.
2.For the Taiwanese citizen and he’s mainland spouse had pass immigrate officers’ interviews, we will discuss the affiliated measures of the mainland spouses’ interviews.
3.Knowing what about the invalidity mechanism of the mainland spouses’ interviews. Try to study the affiliated measures of the mainland spouses’ interviews; we would increase the effect on it.
II.Study method:
The research is firstly about the affair character and content that it detects the mainland spouses’ marry criminal attempt from the mainland to Taiwan. It is true that treating the couple of having ahead a marriage of convenience. But we could not interdict the follow-up chance of the degenerative fake marriage. The fake marriages of the couple were engaged in illegally work part-time or illegality.
The research first adopts the method of the content analysis and in-depth interviews that do the AHP (Analytic Hierocracy Process) and CM (cross match).Then, according to the study analysis findings. Finally, the author broaches to the conclusions and suggests.
III.Study contents:
（1）The caseload that the mainland spouses were engaged in illegality under arrest which is the whole case about 0.86%. What so-called the caseload of the illegality population of its proportion, the invalidity mechanism of the mainland spouses’ interviews run up to 9.8%. It is dangerous that the proportion of amounts too high.
（2）After the mainland spouses have had pass themselves own interview that anyone had any crime or illegality, the author would has reviewed the possibility importance reasons of the invalidity mechanism of the mainland spouses’ interviews. The immigrant interview’s officers have the following agenda ex.:1. The mainland people hadn’t their evaporated, stowed away, or stay behind time on the process-verbal, etc. 2. The mainland spouse hadn’t remit manage or dispense from control, etc. 3. The mainland people hadn’t fake marriage to prostitute or work part-time, etc. 4. The mainland people hadn’t bigamy or divorce after notarization which had the material to check. 5. The mainland spouse has after both banks notarization not offends the criminal case record. 6. The mainland spouse’s automatic system checkout program has after both banks notarization proof.
（3）After the mainland spouses have had pass themselves own interview that anyone had any crime or illegality, the author would has practically observed and interviewed into induces the influence：1. The family is inharmonious. 2. Leaves home to leave in a hurry. 3. Husbands and wives individuality disagreement. 4. The husband receives is not good, falls ill, or violate, etc. 5. Pursues the housing to fellow villager of or the friend in the Taiwan. 6. She had exceeds the time limit the pause, and good side unclear record. 7. They are engaged in the vocal accompaniment or accompany the liquor. 8. he immigrate officers seldom investigate the mainland spouse’s case, check residence cards or search the place number of times to be less. 9. They do not adapt along their life and environment pressure high.
IV. Study result:
1.The mainland spouse comes to enter the country and have implemented the interview. The author was progressing the interview scheme, he obtained the conclusion to be as follows：
（1）It searched the person the guarantor and the mainland spouse, no matter from the thought, the idea, and the expression mutually links up extremely difficultly.
（2）Regarding the human smuggling syndicate or the fake couple, and the group which ship persons from one place to anther for sale, the prison term punishment limitedly, is difficult to receive frightens the anti-function, urgently awaits the concerned controlling organization to repair the law improvement.
（3）It has not been able to carry out the control item regarding the good side unclear mainland spouse, waits for repairs the law promotion machine-made function.
（4）The mainland of spouse extremely high proportion, because the family is inharmonious often voluntarily expresses works money maintains livelihood. It could verify the crime scientists of their Rational Choice Theory that may explain the mainland spouse illegal or illegal works the behavior.
（5）People and foreign, marriage of relations land area people urgently must plan the concrete attendance counseling measure.
（6）The crime question occurrence from could not be solved to the economical surface question, unemployment rate should be the key aspect.
2.After the immigrate interview’s officer face-to-face talk, it obtains the conclusion to be as follows：
（1）It is true that various countries, the city industrious team available manpower universal is especially insufficient.
（2）The law authorization and the revision is incomplete.
（3）The interview object non-in this country, the city inquired or the dynamic investigation difficulty in anticipation.
（4）The applicants haven’t limited the reunion interview application number of times.
（5）The laws and regulations have not limited in the spouse current economic condition.
（6）The mainland spouse is ferreted out the vacation marriage or the second marriage qualifications, sends lives the investigation to ban the difficulty and grow social question.

並列關鍵字

the mainland area ； interview ； the invalidity mechanism of the mainland spouse interview ； check ； the mainland spouse ； fake marriage ； the human smuggling syndicate ； validity

參考文獻

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林佳瑩、徐富珍校訂，邱冺科等四人合譯Earl Babbie