河岸水質現地處理設施環境管理績效評估－資料包絡分析法之應用

Environmental Management Performance Evaluation of On-site Water Treatment Facility by the Riverside －An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis.

葉威宏(Wei-Hung Yeh)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

摘 要
都會區人口密度高，每日使用後的污（廢）水若直接排入排水溝、渠中，會累積污垢於溝側，產生臭氣、滋生蚊蠅，嚴重影響環境生活品質，污水排入河川中也會造成河川水質惡化。於是污(廢)水透過公共下水道系統把都市地區的生活污水收集至污水處理廠，經過處理達放流水標準後，始排入水域中，以減輕污染或回收利用。
公共下水道的建設需龐大的經費，加上建造工程期長，至2010年6月底止，台灣地區污水下水道用戶接管普及率僅24.43％，而環保署預估，至2011年下水道系統能夠涵蓋的全國生活污水量，亦僅佔25%。因此為解決未能處理的75%污水，環保署於2002年開始興建水質現地處理設施，以輔助污水處理廠。台北縣政府更是積極投入河岸水質現地處理設施的興建，已將台北縣污水處理率提升到80％。顯見河岸水質現地處理設施對減緩河川水體污染的重要，故應需對水質現地處理設施的處理效率做適度的評估與管理。
本研究彙集9處現地處理場的2008及2009年兩年度水質監測資料，運用資料包絡分析法之CCR及BCC模式，分析彼此的相對總效率、純技術效率、規模效率與規模報酬狀態，並經由差額變量及敏感度分析，探討去污效果與經營績效之關連性。
研究結果顯示，2009年度的整體效率優於2008年，印證現地處理建造年度愈久處理效果愈佳，純技術效率高達8成的DMU效率值為1，總效率未達1之DMU主要是規模效率未達到有效率的狀態；由敏感度分析顯示，投入項對於現地處理設施之影響程度並不顯著，若能提昇產出項的污染去除量，對於水質現地處理設施的效率應有正面助益。

關鍵字

現地處理、資料包絡分析法、人工濕地、礫間處理、績效評估

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
Metropolitan areas are characterized by high population density. If the daily wastewater (sewage) is directly discharged into drainage ditches, dirt will accumulate by ditch sides, resulting in the formation of odor, breeding of mosquitoes and flies, and severe damage to environmental quality of life. The wastewater discharged into rivers will also lead to deterioration of river water quality. The wastewater, alone with living sewage from metropolitan areas, is collected at wastewater treatment plants via sanitary sewer system. After the processing, the water is not discharged into rivers until it meets the effluent standards, in order to reduce pollution or recycle the water.
The construction of sanitary sewer system requires huge funds and a long period of time. As of the end of June 2010, the prevalence of users of sanitary sewer system was merely 24.43%. The Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) estimated that, the nationwide volume of living wastewater covered by the sanitary sewer system in Taiwan in 2011 will be merely 25%. Therefore, in order to treat the untreated 75% of wastewater, EPA started to construct On-site water treatment facility in 2002 to provide assistance to wastewater treatment plants. Taipei County Government even aggressively engaged in the construction of On-site river water treatment facility and has increased the wastewater treatment rate in Taipei County to 80%. Obviously, On-site river water treatment facility plays an important role in reducing river water pollution. Therefore, there is a need to appropriately evaluate and manage the treatment efficiency of On-site water treatment facility.
This study summarized the water monitoring data of 9 On-site treatment sites in two years, 2008 and 2009, and used the CCR and BCC models of data envelopment analysis to analyze the relative overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and returns to scale of these 9 sites. Moreover, slack variable analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between effect of decontamination and operation performance.
The results indicated that the overall efficiency in 2009 was superior to that in 2008, which verified that the On-site treatment facility with longer history has better treatment effect. In terms of pure technical efficiency, the efficiency of as high as 80% of DMU was 1. The main reason that the efficiency of certain DMU failed to reach 1 was that the scale efficiency failed to reach efficient status. The sensitivity analysis revealed that, the input did not have a significant influence on the On-site treatment facility. If the amount of pollution removal from the output can be increased, it should be positively beneficial to the efficiency of On-site water treatment facility.

並列關鍵字

On-site treatment, Data envelopment analysis, Constructed wetland, Cobble contact bed, Performance evaluation

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