- 學位論文
治療性社區海洛英施用者復歸社會歷程之研究－以修復式正義為觀點
A Study on the Reintegration Process of Heroin Addicts in Therapeutic Community － Restorative Justice Perspective
摘要
超過20年的醫學研究，已證實藥物成癮是長期受藥物影響而產生的大腦疾病，且是慢性、經常性復發的疾病。治療性社區經過廣泛運用與研究，亦已被認為有助於低毒品施用與預防復發的成效。然而，我國的反毒策為「緝毒」、「防毒」、「拒毒」與「戒毒」。在「戒毒」上，國家醫療資源有限及業務過度負擔的情況下，我們是否應該從新思考，國家反毒政策從以衛福部為主的「戒毒」治療再延伸以社會、社區為主的「祛毒」復歸，國家實應投入更多的專業人力與經費在「祛毒」策略上，惟毒品成癮者能真正的復歸於社會，且擔負起身為國家社會一份子該有的角色，才能使其從「防毒」、「拒毒」、「緝毒」、「戒毒」的循環中走出來。本研究將以修復式正義為觀點，針對毒品成癮者在台灣草屯療養院茄荖山莊祛毒復歸時之模式及成效，進行了解與分析，期有助於協助毒品成癮者更快的重新復歸社會。本研究目的有三: 一、研析治療性社區的控制毒癮社會復歸模式 二、觀察並檢視我國衛生醫療體系如何進行治療性社區的控制毒癮社會復歸模式 三、探討我國治療性社區內控制毒癮成功者對社會復歸及關係重建之看法 本研究實際至草屯療養院茄荖山莊參與觀察14日，並以半結構式問卷訪談1位尚在該社區內接受治療，且在回歸社會階段的成年男性居民，以及3位曾接受該社區治療且復歸社會良好一年以上的成年男性，探討毒品對於毒癮者的傷害與治療性社區對毒癮者的傷害修復、社會復歸及關係重建之影響。 本研究發現因毒品對施用者的大腦已造成慢性且復發率極高損傷，使其生活已從一般人所生活的正常世界（人間）進入到不斷在地獄與天堂中輪迴，促使毒癮者的人格改變、認知扭曲，最終只能被一般社會標籤為犯罪者，且排除至對一般社會不信任與不斷進出監獄的次等社會世界。研究更發現治療性社區為了要將毒癮者從「受毒癮控制」治療成能夠「控制毒癮」，所使用的「全人復歸」治療概念，與修復式正義中對於加害者應給予高控制與高支持，而使其從傷害中修復的概念不謀而合，包含:多元修復式正義的實務型態、毒品成癮者的修復－加害者、被害者與促進者的三位一體，以及正式社會控制、非正式社會控制、內在自我控制程度轉移過程的實踐等。 本研究結論認為第一，修復式正義中的「控制」即是控制程度的逐漸轉移與過程。第二，修復式正義的過程是支持與激發個人意志力的過程。第三，毒品成癮者參加治療性社區之修復式正義過程即是為自己創造良好的轉折點。第四，治療性社區應致力發展自給自足的經營模式。第五，修復式正義可以提供毒品成癮者處遇之理論基礎。最後依據研究結果，提出對控制毒癮治蓹政策規劃建議。
並列摘要
Over 20 years, medical research have been proven substance addiction is a brain disease affected by long-term substance use ; that is also a chronic and relapsing disease. Furthermore, Therapeutic Community have been practiced and researched that is of benefit to reduce substance use and prevent relapse. But as for the drug policies in Taiwan that focus on drug investigation , drug prevention, drug refuse and quit drug, and never thinking about how to help drug addicts to leave the circle of these four policies. Thus the government and society have to deliberate how to assist the drug addicts to abstain from drug and not just want them to quit their addiction. This paper uses perspective of restorative justice to explore the holistic medical approach and the effect in a therapeutic community for Substance Abusers - Jia Lao Village belonged to Tsaotun psychiatric center, Ministry of health, and welfare ; discusses the residents' view of social rehabilitation programs and drug-related injuries repairment. This paper based on fourteen days participant observation of Jia Lao Village and interviewed 4 drug addicts who receives or had received the treatment in there and all in good recovery over a year. This paper finds that the brain injury caused by using drug results in that drug addicts suffer great pain(withdrawal symptoms) from transmigrating between heaven and hell a couple of times every day. That is why drug addicts will pursue drug and easily to conduct crimes, and finally to been eliminated from normal society. Besides, this paper asserts that concepts of the holistic medical approach in a therapeutic community are similar to the restorative justice concept of we have to give high control and high support to the offenders, including multiple restorative practices; drug addicts recovery - triad of offender, victim and facilitator; transformation of formal social control, informal social control and self control, and so on. The first conclusion of this paper is that the 'control' of restorative justice is the transformation of formal social control, informal social control and self control. the second, the process of restorative justice is the process of supporting or triggering people's human agency(shame or pride). The third, drug addict receives the holistic medical approach in a therapeutic community is to create the good turning point of himself. the fourth, the therapeutic community has to devote to develop self-sufficiency operation. The final, restorative justice can offer the theoretical foundation for drug addicts policies.