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  • 學位論文

微型金融機構類型財務績效與社會績效之探討

A Study Between Financial Performance and Social Performance of Microfinance Institution Type

指導教授 : 黃啟瑞
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摘要


微型金融產業自2005年開啟商業化的趨勢後,整個產業的狀態已不同以往,本研究運用MIX Market資料庫取其2007年至2010年的資料,將微型金融產業依機構類別分為:微型金融銀行、非銀行微型金融機構及非政府組織微型金融機構三種組織,檢視其財務績效及社會績效之影響,並檢驗前期財務績效對社會績效的影響,以進一步探討微型金融機構是否有使命偏離的現象。 首先,發現此三種機構的目標市場並不相同,微型金融銀行主要的目標市場為中高所得的窮人;非銀行微型金融機構為中低所得窮人;非政府組織微型金融機構為最低階的窮人。因此各種類型的微型金融機構都有其存在的必要性,才能提供給各階級的窮人金融服務。 實證結果顯示,就整體微型金融產業而言,社會績效中,其指標如平均放款利率、有效借款人數及女性借款人比率對於財務績效都有正向的影響。惟微型金融銀行的有效人數對財務績效存在負向的影響,這說明微型金融銀行篩選顧客的能力較弱,且微型金融銀行的女性借款人對其財務績效有顯著的正向影響但銀行的女性顧客比率卻最低,顯示微型金融銀行需要更加重視女性顧客。最後,整體而言所有類型的微型金融機構都沒有明顯使命偏離的狀況發生,但微型金融銀行應該要更重視女性的顧客,畢竟微型金融除了除貧的使命之外,在許多國家也是帶動女性地位提高的要角。

並列摘要


This study uses the MIX Market to examine the relationship between financial performance and social performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) by institutional type, including bank, nongovernmental organization (NGO) and nonbank financial institution (NBFI). Moreover, we discuss the impacts of pre-financial performance and social performance to test if MFIs are mission drift. The empirical result shows that the social performance is positive related to financial performance except banks, that implies banks are weakest to select their clients and serve women customers can increase profit, but banks serve in lowest numbers than other types of institutions. Finally, we find that all types have no phenomenon of mission drift, but the banks must make much of women customers because the microfinance plays larger roles not only in alleviating poverty but also empowering women in many countries.

參考文獻


Social Performance Task Force
Augsburg, B., & Fouillet, C. (2010). Profit Empowerment: The Microfinance Institution's Mission Drift. Perspectives On Global Development & Technology, 9(3/4), 327-355. doi:10.1163/156914910X499732
Ayayi, A., & Sene, M. (2010). What Drives Microfinance Institution’s Financial Sustainability. Journal of Developing Areas, 44(1), 303-324.
Bassem, B. (2009). Governance and Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Mediterranean Countries. Journal of Business Economics & Management, 10(1), 31-43.
Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (1996). Microcredit Interest Rates.

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