從郊區住宅到社區營造--基隆「壯觀社區」個案研究

FROM SUBURBAN HOUSING TO COMMUNITY DEVLOPMENT: A CASE STUDY ON KEELUNG’S ZHUANG-GUAN COMMUNITY

李秋萍(chiu-ping Lee)

指導教授 ： 黃樹仁

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

自文建會推動社區總體營造政策以來，大部分社區營造的研究以傳統且是成功社造的社區為研究對象，至於都會區社區的研究卻十分稀少，分析1999年至2012年間的社造議題個案研究中，約占4％的比例，此現象不但造成研究社區營造的侷限性，並且在現代社會發展過程中與居民生活息息相關的都會社區議題的探究上，也產生文獻上的遺漏。
本研究以都會區新興的集合式公寓大廈住宅社區個案為例，透過立意抽樣的方式，以社區中參與社區營造工作的成員為對象，依工作性質以及活動出席的頻率，選取30位參與的成員，進行深度訪談、資料蒐集與歸納。
透過對本個案的研究，發現社區行動者透過與社區居民切身利益相關的公共議題，將互不相識以及不可能互動的居民連結在一起，使得社區居民網絡動了起來。本文提出了過去文獻未曾討論之集合式公寓大廈社區之所以成功社造的關鍵變項：居民屬性、居民社會網絡以及社區衝突事件的影響，不但詮釋傳統社區營造成功因素無法同置於都會區成功社造之外，並以韋伯(Max Weber)、唐納(Jonathan H.Turner)、達倫多夫（Ralf Dahrendorf）、齊穆爾(Georg Simmel)、寇舍（Lewis A. Coser）等人所提出的衝突理論與實際案例的驗證，解釋過去社區營造研究文獻中疏於討論卻具有影響社區發展的關鍵變項。
本研究認為社區對外衝突事件的發生使社區凝聚力產生，而衝突事件接續的發生，不斷的增強社區的凝聚，促進社區內的社造工作有多向性的突破，此變項是社區發展關鍵因素，也是本研究對於社區營造研究所提出的一項嶄新的銓釋。
社區是現代人生活的場域，更是社會事實發生的空間，因此本研究建議社區總體營造的研究應該擴大過去傳統社區研究的思維，從社會學的觀點出發，更多且更深入的理解與詮釋成功社造關鍵形成的過程，尤其都市更新之後，不斷出現的集合式公寓大廈住宅的社區以及網絡科技發達所帶來的虛擬社群的社會，對於社區營造發展會是如何？應是社區營造研究後續所努力的方向。

關鍵字

社區總體營造 ； 居民屬性 ； 社會網絡 ； 衝突事件

並列摘要

Since the Council for Cultural Affairs’s promotion of holistic community development policies, the subjects of most community development studies were based on traditional communities with successful community development. Few studies concern urban communities, with merely 4% of all studies on community issues having been conducted between 1999 and 2012. This phenomenon narrows the research on community development, creating a void in documents related to urban community issues tightly linked to residents’ lives in the development of contemporary society.
This study used emerging condominium apartment communities in urban areas as case studies. Through purposive sampling on members involved in community development according to work types and frequency of attending activities, 30 members were selected for detailed interviews, data collection, and classification.
This case study found that community activists linked unfamiliar residents with no interaction through public issues on residents’ personal interests, propelling the residents’ interaction network. This study proposed key variables never discussed in previous documents on the successful development of condominium apartment communities regarding the influence of resident attributes, residents’ social network, and community conflicts. In addition to explaining the impossibility of applying traditional communities’ success factors to urban communities, empirical cases and conflict theory proposed by Max Weber, Jonathan H. Turner, Ralf Dahrendorf, Georg Simmel, and Lewis A. Coser were used to explain influential key variables on community development neglected by past community development-related studies.
We believe that conflicts between the community and the outside produce community cohesion, and community cohesion is strengthened with the continuous occurrence of conflicts, resulting in multiple breakthroughs in the community development process. This variable, proposed in this study, is crucial to community development, and creates a new interpretation of community development.
The community is a part of contemporary life and a space where social facts occur. This research recommends that community development-related studies expand cogitation beyond traditional community research, adopt a sociological viewpoint, and develop a more in-depth understanding and explanation of the successful community development formation process. Since urban regeneration, condominium apartment communities have been emerging, and the development of network technology has created virtual communities. The influences that these communities have on community development are aspects that future community development studies should focus on.

並列關鍵字

Holistic community development ； social network ； conflict

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