本文探討1994年410教育改革後實行的高等教育擴張政策,對大學畢業生在勞動市場薪資的變化。運用2008年《人力運用調查》資料,並加以控制生師比和產業失業率二項變數。研究方法是採用 Heckman 兩階段方法來估計勞動薪資報酬,以大學(專)畢業生為主要實驗組,而高中職畢業生為控制組,用 difference-in-differences 法來評估高等教育擴張政策的影響。其次,用 Oaxaca decomposition 法分解大學畢業生和高中職畢業生的薪資差距,以了解高等教育政策對於大學畢業生和高中職畢業生薪資差距的影響及其重要性。研究結果發現,高等教育擴張政策降低了大學畢業生的相對薪資報酬率,且在高等教育擴張政策之後,大學教育品質逐漸下降,並對於薪資差距有顯著的影響。
The education reform was effected with full-scale on 1994,and the number of college graduates was increased dramatically since then.To evaluate the impact of the expansion policy of higher education,this paper try to investigates the effect of the expansion policy on the wage of college graduates in Taiwan.In this study,we employ the 2008 Man power Utilization Survey data in Taiwan and control the student/teacher ratio and unemployment rate.We use the Heckman correction to estimate the rate of educational returns,and compare the wages between college graduates(treatment group)and high school graduates(control group)before and after the implementation of the expansion policy.In addition,we use Oaxaca decomposition to decompose the wage gap between college graduates and high school graduates.Results show that,the wage of college graduates relative to the high school graduates was reduced and the quality of college graduates was declined after the expansion policy.