臺灣農地政策之變遷：反應序列觀點

Agricultural Land Policy Change in Taiwan: Perspective of Reactive Sequences

詹茗荏(Ming-Ren Jhan)

指導教授 ： 陳恆鈞

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

臺灣早期的產業發展是以農業生產為主，而與農業發展息息相關的農地政策，對於農業生產來說更是關鍵。然而，在國家整體產業發展重心漸轉向工商業發展之際，臺灣的農業環境與農地政策亦衍生出許多的問題，爰此，本研究旨在運用歷史制度論中(Historical Institutionalism)的路徑依賴(Path Dependence)觀點，來探討臺灣農地政策歷年的發展演變。另外，本文理論運用著重於路徑依賴觀點中的反應序列部分，藉此來探討臺灣農地政策的發展究竟是否具有因果關係，或者是產生變遷的現象，而我國歷年來有關於農地政策的文獻，尚未有依此觀點來進行探討者。因此，本文欲藉此觀點來分析我國農地政策制定過程中，究竟受到哪些因素之影響；以及聚焦於分析「小地主大佃農」與「農村再生條例」兩者之間是否具有因果關係。
再者，本文所運用之研究方法採用先質化後量化的途徑。即先依據理論探討與個案分析之後，歸納出研究的重要影響因素，而後根據影響因素所設計之訪談題綱，實地與受訪者進行深度訪談，接續根據內容交叉分析得出研究變數(variables)，並依此繪出研究之模式參數估計圖，並運用路徑依賴觀點中之反應序列建立研究假設，探究我國農地政策演變是否具有因果關係，最後依據問卷調查結果進行因素分析與結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling)的驗證。
最終，經由理論探討與個案分析後，歸納出主要影響臺灣農地政策演變的因素有四：政治因素、經濟發展因素、生態保育因素、社區參與因素。而根據此四項重要影響因素所設計的量化問卷，在進行結構方程模式的驗證後，得出我國農地政策發展演變的關係為：(1)農地政策發展演變受到政治因素正向影響，獲得驗證；(2)農地政策發展演變受到經濟發展因素正向影響，獲得驗證；(3)農地政策發展演變受到生態保育因素正向影響，獲得驗證；(4)農地政策發展演變受到社區參與因素正向影響，獲得驗證。基此，本文進一步推論，在農地政策的歷史發展脈絡下，所歸納出的四項因素均正向影響農地政策的發展，換言之，我國農地政策於各階段制定時，分別受到此四項因素的影響，亦即表示我國農地政策的制定過程是具有因果關係，也就是先前的農地政策會對後續的政策造成影響，而後期制定的農地政策與先前的政策是具有相關性。

關鍵字

農地政策之變遷；小地主大佃農；農村再生條例；路徑依賴；結構方程模式

並列摘要

The early stage of industrial development of Taiwan is agricultural production. And for agricultural production, the agricultural land policy which closely related to agricultural development is even more important. However, as the economy development in the country gradually shifted to industrial and commercial, the agricultural environment and land policy in Taiwan has also led to many problems. Thus, this research aimed at using the Path Dependence perspective of the historical institutionalism theory to discuss the evolution of agricultural land policy in Taiwan. In addition, the theory of this paper emphasizes on the reaction sequence of path dependence perspective, thereby to explore whether the development of Taiwan's agricultural land policy has the relation between cause and effect, or the phenomenon of changing. Over the years on the documentary of agricultural land policy in Taiwan, no one has ever explored the issue from this point of view. Therefore, this paper hopes to use this point of view to analyze the factors that influence the process of making the agricultural land policy, and focus on the analysis of whether the “Small Land-owners and Big Land-renters” and “Regeneration of Rural Villages” have relation of cause and effect.
Furthermore, this research paper uses a method of analysis based on qualitative conversion before quantitative conversion. To begin, there will be a discussion of theory and an analysis of individual case studies to determine the relevant and significant perspectives of the research. A set of discussion topics and themes will be drawn from this and used to guide an in-depth discussion with the guests. Through cross analysis of the collected information, a set of research variables will be determined and used to create an estimation graph of the research model parameters, and using the reaction sequence of the path dependency perspective, a hypothesis will be created to investigate whether or not there is a cause and effect relationship with the agricultural land policy changes of Taiwan. In conclusion, questionnaires returns will be used for factor analysis and verifying the structural equation modeling.
Finally, through theoretical discussion and case studies, four factors that influenced the evolution of the agricultural land policy in Taiwan have been summarized. They are political factors, economic factors, ecological factors, and community participation factors. After verifying the structural equation modeling of the quantitative questionnaires designed by the four important influence factors, obtained the results of the relationship between the evolutions of agricultural land policies of Taiwan are: (1) the evolution of agricultural land policy has positive influence by political factors, verified ; (2) the evolution of agricultural land policy has positive influence by economic factors, verified; (3) the evolution of agricultural land policy has positive influence by ecological factors, verified; (4) the evolution of agricultural land policy has positive influence by community participation factors, verified. Based on these, the research paper infers that the four factors concluded from the historical development of agricultural land policy, have influenced positively on the development of the agricultural land policy. In other words, Taiwan’s agricultural land policies at all stages of establishment are affected by the four factors, which indicate there is a cause and effect relationship in the process of making agricultural land policy in Taiwan, that is the previous agricultural land policy would affect the later policy, and the later agricultural land policy and the previous policy are relevant.

並列關鍵字

agricultural land policy change；small land-owners and big land-renters；regeneration of rural villages；path dependence；structural equation modeling

參考文獻

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