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  • 學位論文

反向抵押貸款:考慮通貨膨脹與長壽風險

Reverse Mortgage:Under Inflation and Longevity Risk

指導教授 : 盧嘉梧
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摘要


「asset rich and cash poor」即資產持有人擁有相當豐富的資產,但是在遇到緊急狀況發生時卻無法及時將資產轉換為現金使用,最後反而被迫將資產降價售出。而美國最先於1989年出現反向抵押貸款的金融商品,此商品預期可強化養老保障,解決養老相關資源的不足,成為人口高齡化的應對方法之一。基於通貨膨脹對於老年人在經濟收入來源之重大性,但過去研究反向抵押貸款之文獻並未考慮通貨膨脹之影響,本文將探討通貨膨脹對反向抵押貸款之影響,再者,老年人口死亡率降低之趨勢,所以再將長壽風險影響力加入反向抵押貸款模型中,探討同時在通貨膨脹和長壽風險下對反向抵押貸款價值之影響。 本研究係以選擇權評價模型,計算反向抵押權契約之價值。模型考慮的風險包括:利率、房價、通貨膨脹、以及長壽風險。分為以下三階段進行討論: 首先,僅考慮名目價格,其次為考慮通貨膨脹率,最後為同時考慮通貨膨脹率和長壽風險,除前述各因素之隨機變動影響外,並考慮近年在保險領域研究中常討論之長壽風險,代表死亡率的改善,以模擬長壽風險所帶來的影響。 敏感性分析結果最大的影響因素為目前通貨膨脹的水準,其次平均通貨膨脹率,以上兩者因通貨膨脹的上升讓實質淨契約報酬提升,但當通貨膨脹波動度上升時,會導致報酬率走勢不明,對於淨契約報酬率是負面影響。還受到借款人年齡和借款人貸款比率的影響,借款人愈早進入反向抵押貸款市場,第一為本身房價成長空間大,另外由通貨膨脹所帶來的房屋抗通膨效果,是必須經由長時間的醞釀;其次為借款人最高可貸得比率相對較低,契約到期時甚至可以收回當期房價和總還款金額的差額,建議不要依據最高可貸款金額進行借貸,到期應還款金額經過時間的累積而產生反向效果,應該是本身所需去進行借款;最後,年輕借款人未來面對死亡率較低,有利於年輕借款人在反向抵押貸款淨利率的長期累積效果,在這三種因素同時擁有的狀況下,愈及早加入市場是最為理想的退休規劃。

並列摘要


"Asset rich and cash poor" means an asset holder has a wealth of assets, but the assets can’t be converted to cash promptly. Finally, they are forced to sell assets with discount. Reverse mortgage(RM) appeared in America in 1989, is expected to strengthen the pension mechanism and solve the lack of resources. This study is based on the inflation rate significant on income, but there was no references considered the inflation effect on RM. This article will explore the inflation impact on RM. Furthermore, the longevity risk was added to RM model to explore both inflation and longevity risks under the value. It is based on option pricing model to calculate the value of RM contract. It takes into account the risks included: interest rates, house prices, inflation, and longevity risk. The following discussion is divided into three stages: first, consider the nominal value only, following the consideration of inflation effect, and takes into account the inflation and longevity risks at the same time. The results show that the maximum factor is the current level of inflation rate, followed by average rate of inflation. Both of them when the rise in inflation to increase net real return of RM. But when inflation volatility rises, the trend of return will lead to uncertainty. Moreover, the other factors like the age of borrower and loan ratio. The borrower should enter RM market as soon as possible, one advantage is the growth of house price, and another is the young borrower has low loan. And this study suggests that they shouldn’t loan with maximum amount, just for their own need. Finally, young borrowers face lower mortality. Under the three factors, the more early entry into the RM market is the most ideal retirement plan.

參考文獻


王儷玲、王正偉和劉文彬 (2011)。臺灣實施反向房屋抵押貸款對提升退休所得
李秉芳、楊屯山和林哲群 (2011)。固定利率與指數型不動產逆向抵押貸款之比
林左裕、楊博翔 (2011)。逆向房屋抵押貸款在台灣推行之需求分析。住宅學報,
陳淼 (2005)。人口老化對我國總體經濟的影響與因應之道。臺灣經濟研究月刊,
Implications For Reverse Mortgages Programs. Journal of Housing Research, 8(2), 201-221.

被引用紀錄


施國財(2017)。以房養老需求意願調查之研究-以台灣企銀往來客戶為例〔碩士論文,淡江大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2017.00923
甘騰彪(2015)。以房養老制度之可行性研究-以我國醫療產業人員為例〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-2502201617125906

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