論市民不服從的正當化理論與實踐

On the Theory of the Justification of Civil Disobedience and Its Practice

江文宗(Wen-Tsung Chiang)

指導教授 ： 陳春生

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本篇論文主要在探討市民不服從的正當化理論及其實踐。第二章旨在說明何謂市民不服從，分別從三個面向切入，首先回顧市民不服從歷史上的發展脈絡及其於現代意義下之地位，嘗試從中勾勒出市民不服從圖像之輪廓。之後，則由學術之立場出發，探討該如何界定市民不服從之概念，其具體特徵為何？亦即，須滿足何種要件下，不服從行為始可被歸類為市民不服從。最後，為了釐清且裨益對市民不服從之理解，將市民不服從與其他四種抗議態樣（革命、抵抗權、一般違法行為、合法抗議）進行比較。
確立市民不服從之內涵後，接下來涉及將如何評價它？亦即，於現今法治國中，市民不服從將何去何從，如何於法律體系中找到其安身立命之地。故第三章論及市民不服從的正當化理論，分別從肯定正當化理論與否定正當化理論之立場出發。首先，肯定正當化理論分別從超實證法、基本權利及一般法律此三角度去替市民不服從之正當化作辯護。其次，否定正當化理論則分別以違法行為可能帶來無政府狀態及違反平等原則等論點，去反駁市民不服從之正當化。最後，本文基於多數決之侷限及社會安全閥等理由，採納Drier的基本權正當化模式。
之後回到我國具體實踐市民不服從的部分，故第四章檢視歷年來曾被冠以「市民不服從」三個具體實踐案例，進一步加深對市民不服從的瞭解。這三則案例分別是舊刑法一百條之爭議、白米客楊儒門事件及紅衫軍反貪腐倒扁運動。第五章則是總結前述各章之論點，並冀望Direr的基本權正當化模式能提供一個遊戲規則，使抗議者及執法者皆有所遵循。

關鍵字

市民不服從 ； 正當化理論 ； 舊刑法一百條 ； 白米客楊儒門事件 ； 紅衫軍反貪腐倒扁運動

並列摘要

The paper primarily investigates the justification theory of civil disobedience and how it puts into practice. The second chapter mainly explains what is meant by disobedience of citizens from three different aspects. First of all, the paper reviews the development tracks of civil disobedience in history and points out the position of civil disobedience under modern meaning, with an attempt to give a brief account of the outline of civil disobedience. After that, starting from the academic standpoint, the paper investigates how to define the concept of civil disobedience, and what are its concrete characteristics. It also refers that what essential conditions have to be satisfied if disobedience behaviors are to be categorized as civil disobedience. Finally, in order to clarify civil disobedience and help us understand the term, the paper compares civil disobedience with four other protest patterns (revolution, right of resistance, general illegal behaviors and legal protest).

After the paper has determined the contents of civil disobedience, what comes next involves how to evaluate it. It means that the paper investigates where civil disobedience goes, and how it can find its suitable dwelling place in the existing countries ruled by laws. Therefore, Chapter Three discusses about the justification theory of civil disobedience, starting from the two standpoints of positively affirming the theory of justification and negating the theory of justification. Firstly, the paper positively affirms the theory of justification from three different viewpoints: beyond verification approach, basic rights and general laws, from which the paper justifies civil disobedience. Secondly, on the negation of justification theory, the paper mentions the viewpoint that illegal behaviors may bring about anarchical situation and violate the principle of fairness, in order to retort the justification of civil disobedience. Finally, based on the limitations of majority decision and the reasons like social security valves, the paper adopts Drier’s basic right justification model.

After that, going back to the part of concrete practicing of civil disobedience in Taiwan, Chapter Four reviews three concrete implementation cases once being called “civil disobedience,” and further deepens our understanding of civil disobedience. These three cases include the controversial viewpoints of the old Criminal Code No. 100, the incident of rice bomber Ru-Men Yang, the red T-shirts’ movement of anti-corruption and overthrowing the President. Chapter Five concludes the viewpoints of the various chapters mentioned above, and hopes that Direr’s basic right justification model can provide the rules of the game for protestants and law executors to follow.

並列關鍵字

civil disobedience ； theory of justification ； old Criminal Code No. 100 ； the incident of rice bomber Ru-Men Yang ； the red T-shirts’ movement of anti-corruption and overthrowing the President

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