海域犯罪(maritime crime )在過去文獻中,少見以空間、時間與犯罪類型進行交叉分析。事實上各類海域犯罪均有其特殊的空間分布地域性、時間性、季節性等特徵,空間提供訊息給具犯罪動機者判斷犯罪活動的風險與報酬,空間環境也可能產生犯罪重複發生和聚集的現象,如文獻指出偷渡即在市場、自然、人文因素影響下,因而產生有所謂「偷渡熱點」的存在。本研究嘗試以海洋巡防總局於2005-2006二年期間查獲各類海域犯罪之統計資料共1378件,運用地理資訊系統(Geographic Information System)高度資料整合能力,把台澎海域犯罪資料加以組織,並試圖以犯罪地圖(crime maps)的描述來呈現其空間分布特徵,找出是否有犯罪重複發生與聚集的現象?是否屬於未妥善監控的海域?海域環境是否有便於逃脫藏匿?有無特定的犯罪時間或時段?研究結果可作為海域執法時規劃巡邏海域及時間參考依據。 本文之重要發現有:(一)走私槍彈、毒品、非法入出境案件,海上查獲件數偏低。(二)海域犯罪類型與當地海域是否擁有豐富海洋資源及距離大陸距離息息相關。(三)政府禁漁、休漁等漁業政策影響海域犯罪時間及區域。(四)自然因素如海象、氣候牽動海域犯罪發生地點。若要減少台灣海域犯罪,本文認為應可朝採用以下方式達成:(一)建立前進基地、縮短反應時間。(二)籌建大型艦艇,延長執勤時間。(三)因時、因地制宜,彈性調整勤務。(四)建制定翼空巡、落實勤務執行。(五)強化沿海巡邏、確保海洋資源。
The past literature of Maritime crime rarely uses space and time simultaneously to analyze the issue. In fact, space offers the message to the person who has the crime of motivation to determine the active of crimes’ risk and remuneration. It can also provide the information on how the crimes happen, gather and distribute in a certain pattern. For instance, previous literature has shown that “stowaway hot spot” arguably results from market, natural resource and human factors. By using Geography Information System (GIS) technique, the present research analyzed maritime crime by space and time with data from Taiwan Coast Guard Agency, which contained 1,378 cases during 2005 to 2006. The main findings are (1) the arrests of smuggling weapons, drugs and illegal departure or enter Taiwan on the sea are relatively low compared with other type of maritime crimes, (2) the maritime crimes are highly associated with the distribution of sea resource and the characteristics of geopolitics, (3) government fishery policy makes a significant effect on the distribution of time and period of maritime crimes, and (4) the natural resource and weather/climate conditions play an important role in where the maritime crimes take places. The present study makes a few suggests to control and prevent maritime crimes. First, establish some shuttle stations on the sea to shorten the reaction time of the law enforcement. Second, prepare naval vessels and extend the duty time of the law enforcement agents. Third, allow the flexibility of patrolling timetable for the coast guards. Finally, strengthen the maritime patrol along the coast.