計程車駕駛職業被害經驗研究

Occupational Victimization Experiences of Taxi Drivers

陳俞佐(Yu-Tsu Chen)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

有關計程車內犯罪的議題，政府及民眾僅聚焦在保護乘客而忽略了司機，因此本研究以質性深入訪談的方式，探討計程車駕駛遭遇職業被害的問題。國外調查顯示是類被害事件以強盜和規避車資最具代表性，故本研究採便利取樣，從我國刑事案件記錄表中挑選出最近3年（2005-2007），於營業時有這兩類被害經驗的司機共5名實施訪談。
　　探討的內容含括被害發生的動態歷程、駕駛所受之傷害、其自我保護措施、報案意願及社會支持等層面，發現如下：
　　一、計程車駕駛有職業重複被害的現象。
　　二、造成被害的原因為：車內缺乏監控、計程車有財物和勞務可圖的誘因及加害者被逮捕、追訴的低風險性。
　　三、規避車資的加害者為習慣犯，其犯罪模式常見耍賴、詐騙、落跑及談判等4種類型。
　　四、除了強盜和規避車資外，駕駛感到困擾的加害類型還有言語暴力，乘客出言不遜的原因有：受到酒精影響、買賣糾紛和勞資間支配的關係。
　　五、關於計程車安全設備的資訊有限，所以駕駛的自我保護措施偏重在個人防衛意識，並受到自己和車友被害經驗的影響。
　　六、社會提供被害服務的管道不足，遇害駕駛僅在情感上依賴家人和車友的正面支持力量。
　　因此本研究之建議如下：
　　一、定期實施計程車駕駛職業被害調查。
　　二、評估推動加裝車內監視器的安全政策。
　　三、強化執業安全觀念的宣達。
　　四、將駕駛被害案件納入警政「安程專案」查察。
　　五、責付車隊、車行（合作社）及各縣市警局被害服務的功能。

關鍵字

計程車 ； 駕駛 ； 被害

並列摘要

People and the authorities concerned only emphasize on how to protect passengers but ignore drivers’ safety when talking about the crimes which happened inside the cab. Thus, this research mainly discusses the occupational victimization experiences of taxi drivers. According to previous researches, robberies and fare evasion are representative of these experiences. Therefore, convenient sampling is adopted and five taxi drivers have been chosen. All of them have those victimization experiences while working in last three years (2005-2007).
This research includes the theses of crime progress, drivers’ injuries and self-protect measures, tendency of reporting a crime and social support to taxi drivers. The results are as follows:
1. Taxi drivers have repeated occupational victimization experiences.
2. The reasons why victimization is caused are because of “absence of monitors inside the cab”, “incentives of property and service” and “low risk of being arrested for offenders”.
3. Offenders of fare evasion are habitual. Their methods include being rascal, cheating, running away and bargaining with drivers.
4. In addition to robbery and fare evasion, drivers are also troubled by verbal abuse. The reasons why insults happened are “alcoholic influence”, “trade dispute” and the “dominative relationship between capital and labor”.
5. As the information of safety equipment is lack, the self-protect measures which driver takes are mostly for personal defense. Victimization experiences of colleagues and their own often have impact on their awareness of personal defense.
6. Social support is not sufficient in providing victimization service so victims can only depend on families and colleagues on emotional side.

According to the findings, this research has the following suggestions:
1. Periodically conduct the occupational victimization survey of taxi industry.
2. Estimate and promote the policy of setting a camera in the cab.
3. Improve drivers’ safety training.
4. Subsume driver victimization incidents into the police ”safety drive project”.
5. Impose victimization service duty on taxi companies, fleets and the police.

並列關鍵字

taxi ； driver ； victimization

參考文獻

許春金，2006，《人本犯罪學》，臺北：三民。

胡龍騰、黃瑋瑩、潘中道譯，Ranjit Kumar著，2005，《研究方法步驟化學習指南（Research Methodology A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners）》。臺北：學富文化。

陳淑娥，2004，《少年重複被害因素之研究》，國立中正大學犯罪防治所碩士論文。

L?s?leuc, Sylvain de. 2004. Criminal Victimization in the Workplace.

Machin, M. Anthony, and Jillian M. D. De Souza. 2003. Predicting health outcomes and safety behaviour in taxi drivers. Paper presented at The 5th Australian Industrial & Organisational Psychology Conference, June 26-29, in Melbourne, Australia.