樁腳之現金買票行為研究

Cash Bribery by “Voting Brokers” in Taiwan Elections

陳盈君(Ying-Jyun Chen)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究探討現金買票歷程中，樁腳角色與他人之間的互動關係。分別與樁腳、選民、候選人等共9位受訪者進行訪談，主要想了解他們為何願意行賄與受賄，三者關係如何建立，買票如何進行，以及回收率如何管控等。另外，也另尋查賄經驗豐富之檢察官、調查員、員警共6位，以了解目前查察賄選成效及困難度，以尋求良好的杜絕賄選方針。
研究發現樁腳行賄的主要原因為金錢利益，其次是政治資源的取得，以及面子問題、人情壓力、禮尚往來等觀念影響。買票歷程最大的變化是買票單位的改變，買票回率的控制則使用心理戰而非暴力手段，目前現金買票仍然是賄選之最，其他方式如贊助旅遊與餐會、送禮等只是現金買票的前置作業。另外從犯罪學角度出發，研究者認為買票的存在主要是因為社會大眾視買票文化為理所當然，且毫無恥感，鮮少受到譴責，因而缺乏非正式社會控制力量來約束違法者。
因此，本研究提出以下建議：（一）增加行賄者的刑度，（二）加強國民教育與強化賄選相關宣導，增加民眾對行賄與收賄行為之恥感，（三）賄選案偵辦採委員合議制，擺脫地方政治干預執法之問題。

關鍵字

樁腳 ； 現金買票 ； 恥感

並列摘要

The study investigated cash bribery by voting brokers and their interaction with candidates and voters. Nine persons were interviewed including voting brokers, voters, and candidates to understand why they offered and accepted the bribe, how they built up personal relationships with each other, and how they calculated and controlled voting rates in return. In addition, six prosecutors, crime investigators and police officers were interviewed to explore their investigative techniques and associated difficulties encountered in investigating bribery.
The study found that voting brokers engaged in bribery both for monetary commission and to gain political resources. Other reasons include the maintenance of reputation and political influence, peer pressure and favor/gift exchange. The greatest change in cash bribery is the cash delivery by voting brokers. In order to assure the return rate, voting brokers now prefer psychological manipulation rather than threats of violence. In addition to cash, the most popular way to bribe the voters is by free dinners, tours and gifts. The study argues that cash bribery by voting brokers mainly results from attitudes of voters who traditionally take such cash bribery for granted, and feel no shame in taking the bribe or indeed in being found out. In other words, there is little informal social pressure to control such bribery.
The study proposes the following to reduce cash bribery by voting brokers: (1) increase the legal punishment; (2) strengthen societal ‘shame’ at voting bribery; and (3) form a law enforcement committee to investigate further this crime.

並列關鍵字

voting broker ； cash bribery ； shaming

參考文獻

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