我國賄選查察成敗之因素－以調查局工作為例

依據法務部最新之「2009年度臺灣地區廉政指標民意調查」結果顯示，民眾認為「賄選文化」為國內三種違反廉政行為之首，其次為關說文化及送紅包文化。因調查局向來為我國偵辦賄選之主要執法機關，故本研究採「半結構式」深度訪談方式，選取全國各地12位資深調查官，訪問其對國內查賄工作的認知、困境與建議。本研究發現受訪者認為造成國內賄選無法杜絕的主要因素有十項：地處偏僻及人口老化、金錢及人情因素、黑道暴力介入、民眾知識及民主素養不足、選後利益龐大、候選人程度不佳及心態問題、選舉頻繁、應選人數眾多、刑度不高以及派系政黨長期經營。本研究認為賄選在犯罪學領域中之論述極少，且已朝向更隱密的「傳統市場交易」方式發展，與一般認知「白領犯罪與街頭犯罪不同」之印象不符，此一現象殊值犯罪研究者注意。本研究最後提出三項可以提高查賄執法成功之建議：良好的查賄環境、查賄人員正確認知以及放寬賄選認定標準。

關鍵字

調查局；賄選；政治犯罪

並列摘要

According to 2009 figures from the Ministry of Justice（MOJ）The Anti-Corruption Index in Taiwan shows that people believe election bribery is more serious than other anti-integrity issues, namely lobbying and general bribery. The Ministry of Justice, Investigation Bureau（MJIB）is responsible for investigation of alleged election bribery in Taiwan. Therefore, in this study I used semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 12 senior investigators of MJIB to explore their perspectives on domestic election-bribery investigation, related dilemmas, and suggestions. The study’s main finding was to identify 10 crucial factors contributing to domestic election-bribery, which combine to make prevention difficult; the factors are remote constituency, demographic ageing, money and personal relationships, gang, lack of constituents’ knowledge and democratic accomplishment, huge profit when being elected, candidates’ bad quality, too frequent elections, too many numbers of seats, too light penalties for election bribery, and the involvement of political parties. The study found out that election bribery has been rarely addressed in criminology, and has developed in a secret traditional market trade model. Yet, election bribery is not consistent with research on general white-collar crimes and street crimes. All in all, the study suggests three ways to enhance enforcement against election bribery: healthy environment for bribery investigation, higher status for bribery-investigators, and easing the evidential standards to demonstrate election bribery.