人口販運是殘害人權及自由之重大殘暴的犯罪行為,而我國是東南亞地區婚姻移民及勞動人口重要的需求國及人口販運目的國之一,在美國2009年人口販運問題報告中仍被列為第2級名單之國家,亦面臨人口販運所帶來之問題,爰本研究之目的為:(一)剖析全球人口販運之現況,以瞭解台灣扮演之角色。(二)從國際人口移民理論及犯罪學理論來解釋全球與台灣人口販運形成原因。(三)介紹國際公約對於人口販運之規範及主要國家之法規、政策與作法。(四)評析我國防制措施、相關法規及其問題。(五)探討目前我國國境前之查驗及面談機制的作業程序與駐在國政府合作現況,以達事前預防之效果。(六)分析我國與國際合作防制跨國人口販運之可行性並提出建言。 本研究主要探討我國防制跨國人口販運國際合作之可能性,採用次級資料分析法及比較研究法,並運用國際人口遷移理論、犯罪學之日常活動理論、理性選擇組織犯罪理論等來解釋人口販運各種現象。亦綜合國內外研究成果、官方統計資料、美國國務院每年所發布之人口販運問題報告、其他如歐盟、東南亞國協、美國、中國等國家因應人口販運之措施及法制,深入探討台灣人口販運問題之成因、背景、防制策略、執行現況及法令等,並作比較分析。 本研究認為,要有效防治人口販運,須先對「人口販運」為具體之定義,才得以特定「人口販運」之對象及範圍,並提出有效的之防治策略;在研究建議上,則提出持續推動加入國際公約及國際組織、與他國簽訂有關人口販運、資訊交換及司法互助之條約協定等建議,期能結合理論及實務,對政府處理此項議題有所助益。 關鍵字:人口販運、國際公約、國際組織
Human trafficking is a crime of such magnitude and atrocity that deprives people of their human rights and freedoms. Taiwan is primarily one of the demand countries for marriage migrants and migrant workers, as well as a destination for human trafficking. According to the U.S. 2009 Trafficking in Persons Report, Taiwan is still placed on the Tier 2 and faces the problem of human trafficking. The study aims: (1) To analyse the current challenge posed by global human trafficking. (2) To explain the causes of global human trafficking in general, and Taiwan in particular by applying the migration theory and theory in criminology. (3) To consider the international conventions on human trafficking, and statutes, policy and efforts of primary countries.. (4) To analyse measures to combat human trafficking, relevant statutes and related problems. (5) To research operational level mechanisms as well as cooperation with the governments of reception countries, in order to enhance prevention. (6) To analyse the possibility of international collaboration with Taiwan on preventing transnational human trafficking and provide specific recommendations. This study primarily argues for the importance of international collaboration to prevent transnational human trafficking. It adopts secondary data analysis and the comparative method , and explains the phenomena of human trafficking by applying international migration theory and theory from criminology, such as routine activity theory and “A Macro Perspective of Organized Crime─Rational Choice Not Ethnic Behavior”. The study makes use of Taiwan’s official data, the U.S. annual Trafficking in Persons Report, measures and legislation of the European Union, ASEAN, U.S.A and China. Results suggest that effective measures to combat human trafficking must be based an appropriate definition of human trafficking, followed by a study of the extent of trafficking so that the government can develop a comprehensive strategy. Similarly, the study suggests the need to continue on the path towards acceding to international conventions, concluding bilateral treaties concerning human trafficking, and developing further exchange of information, and legal assistance with other countries. Key words:human trafficking、international conventions 、 international organizations