學習表現的族群差異研究——以TEPS為例

A Study on Differences in Academic Achievement across Ethnic Groups——Evidence from TEPS

張育仁(Yu-Jen Chang)

指導教授 ： 林茂廷

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/經濟學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本文使用「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫(TEPS)」中針對1988/89出生之世代，觀察漢族、原住民與新住民間的學習成就差異情形。迴歸結果顯示，國中時期即使在控制家庭背景、教育投入、學校性質與家庭特質後，漢族仍顯著高於新住民與原住民；高中時期漢族與原住民間的差異依舊，但與新住民間的差異則逐漸縮小。我們進一步地控制國一起始能力，發現到國三時期漢族學習表現還是會再領先另兩個族群，而國一起始能力對國三的影響，漢族與新住民相當，但原住民的效果較小。其次，影響不同族群學習成就差異的來源也不盡相同：原住民與新住民都有家庭背景與教育投入相對於漢族較不足的現象，但原住民還面對城鄉資源問題，而新住民則受單親家庭的負面影響。此外，除了族群間的差異，族群內部也存在性別差異：不同於原住民男生與漢族男生間的差異有擴大的現象，原住民女生與漢族女生的差異在中學時期都呈現相對穩定的情形；新住民男、女生在國中時期相對於漢族男、女生，學習成就差異都逐漸加大，但高中時期的學習成就差異已漸漸消弭，且女生間的差異已不存在。據此，我們認為不同族群的確存在教育態度的文化差異。

關鍵字

文化差異 ； 家庭背景 ； 學習成就 ； 原住民 ； 新住民

並列摘要

This article uses the 1988/89 cohort data from Taiwan Education Panel Survey(TEPS) to analyze the differences in academic achievement across ethnic groups. The OLS results show that Han’s learning performance is better than new immigrant and the Aboriginal in the junior high school even when we control a wide range variables from family backgrounds, educational inputs, and the characteristics of schools and families. In the senior high school level, the score gap between Hans and the Aboriginal still existed, while the score gap between Hans and new immigrants had narrowed. When further controlling the cognitive ability in the 7th grade, Han students will still succeed their new immigrant and aboriginal counterparts in their 9th grade. Initial cognitive ability is found to have the same impact for the future cognitive ability among Hans and new immigrants, but a weaker impact for the aboriginal. The score gaps come from different sources. Both aboriginals and new immigrants have disadvantages in their family backgrounds and educational inputs. For the aboriginal, they also face the deficiency of rural resources, while for those new immigrants they are prone to suffer from parental marriage disruption. In addition, there are still gender differences in these ethnic groups. Compared to Han females, aboriginal females, though performing worse, maintain a stable score gap during the high school time. But the aboriginal males see a widening gap relative to their Han counterpart through high schools. The new immigrants, when compared to Hans in the junior high, initially suffer from a widening gap , but they caught up during the last 2 years of the senior high, especially the females. Accordingly, we think that there are different attitudes toward human capital investment across ethnic groups.

並列關鍵字

family background ； academic achievement ； aboriginal ； new immigrant ； cultural difference

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