入WTO後台灣汽車產業政策因應之道:政策工具選擇

How the automobile industry in Taiwan should deal with the WTO Era:Choices of Policy Tools

賴炫瑋(Hsuan-Wei Lai)

指導教授 ： 陳恆鈞

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

眾所皆知，汽車工業不僅帶動生活流行趨勢，也透過龐大的產業鏈效果帶動各項技術進步與創新。以往國家機關為扶持產業發展與成長，採取策略是保護手段。國家機關之所以採行此種發展策略，主要基於該產業，初期屬於幼稚工業，因此由國家機關扮演主導角色、民間企業配合政策，俟民間產業發展達到相當規模，國家機關再逐漸減少干預。
雖然台灣歷經了50年的保護，但技術水準與品牌經營皆無法有效提升，關鍵技術大多受制於國外母廠，相對美、歐、日、韓等世界級汽車廠，國產車業者只能算是代工廠而已。在加入WTO後，面對保護政策被限縮後的環境，所以本研究以台灣汽車業者角度探討，政府該採取何種類型政策工具較適宜？以及台灣汽車產業目前所面臨問題。
本研究將以政策工具理論為分析基礎，輔以「分析網絡程序法」(Analytic Network Process, ANP)之決策分析研究方法，對汽車產業相關業者進行影響因素分析與最佳方案之選擇，再配合深度訪談方式，以確認受訪者真實意向，並獲得更具體政策建議。
最後本研究發現，目前汽車業者普遍認為，政府在制訂汽車產業政策時，欠缺長遠規劃；同時也認為台灣汽車市場漸趨飽和，並須加速拓展兩岸合作投資，以幫助國內汽車產業技術升級。另外，由本研究架構所推導出之政策工具選擇標準認為，在此架構框架下，目前台灣汽車產業政策工具應該較偏向以市場、自發性組織為主的「自發型政策工具」。但經本研究針對汽車業者進行實證分析後，發現汽車業者反而較偏向希望政府以直接、強制介入、保護等手段為主的「直接型政策工具」。

關鍵字

汽車產業 ； 政策工具 ； 自發型工具 ； 直接型工具 ； 網絡分析層級程序法

並列摘要

It is clear that automobile industry not only affected the life style fashion trends, but also brings forth various technology improvement and innovation through industrial chains. In the past, government agencies used protective strategies to support development and growth of automobile industry. The reason for the government to apply supportive strategies is because the whole automobile industry is immature in its early stage of development, therefore government agencies play as an active leading role, while the private sector cooperate with government policies. It is not until the automobile industry came to a certain size and scope that government agencies gradually reduce their interference.
Although automobile industry in Taiwan has been protected by government policy for over 50 years, but its technology achievement and brand management has not improved effectively along the way. The key technologies are owned by foreign automobile companies, thus when compared with world-class automobile brands in America, Europe, Japan and Korea, automobile manufacturers in Taiwan could only be regarded as an OEM factory. However, after joining WTO, domestic protective policies are restricted. This thesis aims to discuss, in Taiwan automobile manufacturers’ perspectives, the problems Taiwan manufacturers faced and about what kind of policy tools government should adopt that could offer the best solution.
This thesis used policy tools theory as the basic foundation to analyze automobile related industries, supplemented with an application of ANP-based decision analysis models to identify the factors that affects future automobile industry policies in order to decide which will be the best solution. Moreover, the use of in-depth interview is to reassure interviewees’ real opinions and provide concrete policy suggestions.
Finally, the study result shows that automobile manufacturers think that the making of automobile industry policy by the government lacks long-term planning, furthermore, when facing the saturated domestic market, Taiwanese government should accelerate the collaboration and investment plans with mainland China in order to upgrade automobile technology of Taiwan. According to the standards that the study has reasoned out for choosing policy tools, under this study framework, current policy tools of automobile industry in Taiwan should be “voluntary policy tools” which focus on market and voluntary organizations. However, the results of empirical analysis show that the automobile manufacturers are inclined to choose “direct policy tools” which rely on compulsive, direct interference and protection of government.

並列關鍵字

Industry ； Policy Tools ； Voluntary Policy Tools ； Direct Policy Tools ； Analytic Network Process

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