以中止犯罪理論探討成年男性藥癮者持續戒癮之影響因素

A study on the influencing factors of male continuing desistance of drug addiction based on crime desistance theory

黃家慶(Chia-Chin Huang)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

我國毒品危害防治條例以5年為一個基準點，行為人再犯施用毒品犯罪逾五年者，送觀察勒戒或強制戒治，5年內再犯者則起訴之。在研究者的實務工作中經常可以發現：有些毒品成癮者在其生命歷程中，曾經自行戒毒五年以上，而且是在非監禁的狀態，以矯治的觀點，這些人既然又再犯了，就是失敗者，並不算成功戒毒。然而他們的戒毒歷程就像在礦坑中閃閃發亮的金沙，值得探勘。本研究採取質性研究的深度訪談形式來蒐集相關資料，以立意抽樣作為樣本的選取方式，從新店戒治所篩選符合條件的個案5名，篩選條件為成年男性藥癮者，曾經在非監禁狀態戒毒長達5年以上，無論是官方紀錄或自陳報告上皆無任何犯罪紀錄，也無任何施用毒品的行為。研究目的在於透過回溯性研究過程，從受訪者自陳，嘗試釐清5位藥癮者曾經成功戒毒5年以上的中止犯罪歷程，回溯其在過去戒毒期間所發生的重要生命事件、轉折與經驗，從中獲得影響「持續戒癮」之因素。
本研究整理了Hirschi和Gottfredson、Sampson 和Laub、Maruna三位學者對中止犯罪的觀點，並以他們的論述作為訪談大綱的基礎。研究發現「持續戒癮」的影響因素如下：
一、 透徹了解毒品的危害，避免接觸任何與毒品有關的刺激。
二、 遠離吸毒環境，避免誘惑經常發生，讓戒癮者可以把所有力氣拿來重建新生活。
三、 忙碌的工作可以建立規律的生活，約束個人的時間，並培養責任感、參與感及自我價值。
四、 良好的親密關係。
五、 家庭關係的修復。
六、 家人擔任毒品守門員，防止毒友及毒品進入家門。
七、 堅定戒毒的心，建立正向自我內言。
八、 與毒友保持距離，避免深交。
九、 平淡的生活，完全脫離犯罪活動。
十、 戒癮的回饋。

本研究建議如下：
一、建構戒癮者社區處遇，提供整合性服務
二、監所中發展階段性處遇方式，俾使毒品犯順利復歸社區
三、增加對藥物成癮者家屬的關懷及衛教
四、發展多元化社區治療型機構

關鍵字

中止犯罪 ； 藥物成癮 ； 持續戒癮

並列摘要

The Drug Prevention and Control Act sets up 5 years as a reference point and regulates that the drug offenders whose recidivism duration of drug-use are more than 5 years will be sent to observation centers or drug abuse centers to get treatment, and the ones whose duration are under 5 years will be prosecuted.. The researcher found that: some drug abusers in their life history had ceased using drugs more than 5 years under non-custodial status. In the view of the correctional point, they were losers since taking drugs again. However, their stories are worth researching. This is a qualitative research, using purposive sampling to select 5 adult male drug abusers from Sindian Drug Abuser Treatment Center who had ever ceased using drugs in non-custodial status more than 5 years and had never made any crime or used drugs during this period according to both the official records and the self-reported data, and deeply interviewing the subjects to collecting relevant information. The researcher helped the subjects to retrospect their important life events and experiences of transition occurred during the period of abstinence to gain the influencing factors.
This research combines the theses of desistance of crime from Hirschi & Gottfredson, Laub & Sampson, and Maruna to make the interview outlines.
The influencing factors discovered are as follows：
1.Thoroughly understanding the damages of drugs, and to avoid contacting with any drug-related stimulus.
2.Keep away from the drug environment to avoid experiencing the temptation often, so that the recovered addicts can put all efforts to bring a new life.
3.The busy work can create a regular life, personal time constraints, a sense of responsibility, a sense of participation and self-worth.
4.A good intimate relationship.
5.Restoration of family relationships.
6.The family plays the role as goalkeeper to prevent drugs and drug abusers into the house.
7.Firming the mind for keeping far away from drugs, and building positive self-statement.
8.Keeping away from the friends who use drugs.
9.Living the ordinary life, and completely out of crime.
10.Feedback from the abstinence.
According to the findings, several suggestions are as follows：
1.Constructing the community treatment by providing integrated services.
2.Developing the stage treatment in the prisons and drug abuser treatment centers, to help the drug offenders going back to the community successfully.
3.Increasing the concern and education to the families of drug addicts.
4.The development of diverse treatment-based community institutions.

並列關鍵字

desistance of crime ； drug addiction ； continuing desistance of drug addiction

參考文獻

許春金，2006，《人本犯罪學》。台北：三民書局。

許春金、陳玉書、洪千涵，2009，〈犯罪青少年中止犯罪歷程及影響因素之研究〉。《中央警察大學犯罪防治學報》10：43~91。

顏嘉男，2006，《海洛因及安非他命使用者之藥物戒除經驗及求助管道之相關因子》，高雄醫學大學行為科學研究所碩士論文。

鄭文譯，理查．戴文波特-海恩斯（Richard Devenport-Hines）著，2003，《毒品（The Pursuit of Oblivion）》。台北：時報出版。

安辰赫，2004，《治療社區中成年男性藥癮者戒癮復原歷程之改變因子》，國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。