以界面活性劑和微乳液淋洗受蔥污染之石英砂-管柱和砂箱試驗

Using Surfactants and Microemulsion to wash anthracene-contaminated sand – Column and Sand Box Experiments

陳禹堃(Yu-Kun Chen)

指導教授 ： 泣奉華

崑山科技大學/工程學院/環境工程研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6828/KSU.2010.00097

摘要

本研究嘗試結合泣奉華老師團隊的研究成果，將界面活性劑與大豆油混合使用形成微乳液，測試其對砂箱中遭受疏水性化合物污染之石英砂的整治效果。實驗設計將以陰離子型的界面活性劑搭配大豆油以超音波震盪儀製成微乳液，探討管柱試驗中微乳液對不同anthracene污染濃度的石英砂進行淋洗比較。主要的二個研究目標是：1.微乳液對不同anthracene污染濃度之石英砂的淋洗比較和比較間歇和連續式不同淋洗方法的整治效果；2. 利用砂箱探討微乳液和不同淋洗液對非飽和含水層anthracene污染之石英砂整治成效。
其結果顯示，於管柱實驗中可得知，於間歇和連續性淋洗時所用到淋洗劑分別為130 ml和310 ml而其脫附效果則分別為95、82%由此可之間歇性對污染物淋洗效果是有於連續性淋洗。在砂箱試驗中，其淋洗效果是微乳液=SDS>Tween 80，表示靜置的砂箱試驗中，微乳液和SDS之增溶性遠比Tween 80高很多，所以可以將大量anthracene淋洗出來，而擴散行為則是微乳液>SDS>Tween 80。但是針對土壤的污染上則有顯著的效果，在裕平土和石英砂之靜態脫附實驗中，可以很明顯看出對於受污染的石英砂，微乳液、SDS、Tween 80這三種淋洗劑使用100 ml的劑量皆有90%以上的脫附率，可是對於受污染的土壤就有較為明顯的差異性，Tween 80的脫附率只剩76%，而SDS是86%，只有SDS還維持在90%的脫附率，若是將淋洗的劑量降至50 ml，雖然整體的脫附率下降了，卻可明顯的看出這三種淋洗劑的差異，對於受污染的裕平土，微乳液的脫附率為65%、SDS為57%、Tween 80則只有43%，由此可知微乳液對於受污染的土壤，其脫附率比起SDS對受污染的土壤其脫附約高出8 %。

關鍵字

蔥 ； 管柱實驗 ； 砂箱試驗 ； 微乳液 ； 土壤污染

並列摘要

Surfactants and microemulsion made of anionic surfactant SDS combined with soybean oil (v/v 9:1) were used to wash the anthracene-contaminated quartz sand both in column and sand box. The main research object is trying to understand the desorption efficiency of microemulsion and surfactants operated in continuous and intermittent ways in the anthracene-contaminated sand.
The results from column experiments show that 130 ml of solution is needed to reach the desorption efficiency of 95% for intermittent washing compared to 82% of 310 ml for the continuous washing in the same time period. In the sand box experiment, the washing efficiencies for the solutions are in the order of microemulsion=SDS>Tween 80. It is also found that microemulsion has a higher transportation ability to move anthracene from the discharge point to the end of the sand box compared to that of SDS and Tween 80 in the time of 30 min. When 25 g quartz sand was tested with different washing solutions of 100 ml, they were reacted in flasks for 1 day, all the solution including microemulsion, SDS, and Tween 80 showed desorption efficiencies more than 90%.
However, when we tested an anthracene-contaminated soil (YP soil) 25 g obtained from the place near campus, the desorption efficiencies are 76%, 86% and 90% for Tween 80, SDS and microemulsion, respectively. When the solutions tested were decreased to 50 ml, the desorption efficiencies are 43%, 57% and 65% for Tween 80, SDS, and microemulsion, respectively. It demonstrates that in the aspect of solution volume and time needed to remediate hydrophobic organic compound-contaminated soil, the microemulsion has a higher desorption efficiency than the other solutions. The use of sand column shows the volume and time frame of contaminant transportation in one dimension, the sand box used can extend our understanding to two dimensions of contaminant transportation. The different diffusion rates of plume in solutions and the floating of emulsion were observed in the sand box experiment.

並列關鍵字

anthracene ； column experiments ； sand box experimen microemulsion ； soil pollution

參考文獻

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