從都市發展環境探討臺灣住宅用電消費之差異分析

The Difference Analysis of Residential Electricity Consumption in Taiwan: An Exploration of Urban Development Environment

盧伯豪(Po-Hao Lu)

指導教授 ： 陳彥仲

國立成功大學/規劃與設計學院/都市計劃學系/碩士(2019年)

摘要

2017年，臺灣能源進口依賴度達97%，能源政策側重於再生能源技術，然需求面相對鮮少。在需求面，住宅用電位居第三且成長率近年來成長率較其他部門高，因此討論住宅用電有其重要性。本研究區分過去文獻為兩研究領域，能源經濟領域應用個體經濟理論探討住宅能源消費，且住宅用電習慣逐漸受重視；都市空間領域以討論如何以都市規劃設計改變居住環境達到減少住宅用電。本研究以兩研究領域為基礎，探討住宅用電消費之因果關係及空間差異因素。研究資料來自政府部門之開放資料，建立19個縣市與2012至2016每月之追蹤資料。首先以相關分析及過去文獻篩選與調整變數，模型結果顯示：在靜態模型中，各縣市存在地區用電習性(local electricity habit, LEH)空間差異。在動態模型中，地區用電習性成長率在桃園市、臺中市以及新北市呈現顯著正成長，苗栗縣及雲林縣則為顯著負成長，而多數縣市則成長變化不顯著。又將具動態因果關係之變數為分組檢定，顯示高度發展縣市相對於新興發展縣市與低度發展縣市之住宅用電量有空間差異。延伸發現有二，一為家戶消費電力追求更好的生活品質，此外當達到其生活品質時，邊際住宅用電量將會減少。另一為高密度縣市具有較少的邊際住宅用電量，顯示高密度發展有助提高住宅用電效率。

關鍵字

能源政策 ； 習慣 ； 都市型態 ； 追蹤資料

並列摘要

Taiwan's dependence on imported energy reached 97% in 2017, and the policies focus on renewable energy technology, but the demand side policies are rarely discussed. In demand side, residential electricity consumption is third. It is important to study how to reduce the residential electricity use. This study distinguishes past literatures into two research fields. One is microeconomic theorem to discuss residential consumption activities. The discussion on the formation and impact of habits has been paid more attention; the other discussed how to change living environment to reduce residential electricity consumption. Therefore, based on consumption habit and urban form, this study considered the causality of spatial differences in residential electricity consumption. This study is based on open data from government departments’. A monthly panel data structure is established for 19 counties level from 2012 to 2016. The variables are selected by correlation coefficients and previous literature. Some of findings are worth summarizing: First, local electricity habit (LEH) causes the difference on residential electricity consumption in static model. In dymanic model, the change of LEH in most counties are not significant. Moreover, it is difficult that the habit for basic electricity consumption can be changed by the policies. Next, the developed counties’ residential electricity consumption is significant difference with other counties. Third, extra electricity quantities which the household consumed decreases when the quality of life for the household have satisfied their demand. Finally, that the diminishing marginal electricity quantity for the density indicates that high density can improve the efficiency of electricity.

並列關鍵字

Energy Policy ； Habit ； Urban Form ； Panel Data Analysis

參考文獻

中文期刊、論文

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