混成動力休閒車傳動系統之設計與雛型車之測試

Design of a Hybrid Electric Recreation Vehicle Transmission and Test of Prototype Vehicle

林柏祿(Bo-Lu Lin)

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/機械與機電工程研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

本研究的目的在於設計一套混成動力休閒車傳動系統，並完成充電系統製作與雛型車組裝測試。此混成動力系統同時搭配電動馬達與汽油引擎兩種不同之動力源，具有三種驅動模式可供切換使用，包括(1)馬達模式、(2)引擎模式、(3)混成動力模式。於起步或低速行駛時，以電動馬達為動力源，可有效地降低引擎低速運轉時之排氣汙染與耗油；在中高速時，切換以引擎為動力源，經V型皮帶傳動之CVT無段變速機構傳動，使保有無段變速傳動系統之換檔平順之優點。而當電瓶電量不足時，則由引擎帶動機車本身之發電機發電充電電瓶，以降低電瓶電容量的需求與延長電瓶之壽命。
本文首先說明本研究所提出之混成動力傳動系統的架構與運作模式。接著針對所提出的設計構想進行傳動系統的運動分析與設計，藉以得到各組件之基本尺寸。其次介紹控制系統各組件以及說明充電系統之原理與製作。最後則為雛型車之組裝及混成動力系統平台與雛型車測試。實驗結果顯示，本研究所提出之混成傳動系統、充電系統與各控制系統均能有效作動，並發揮設計之功能，顯示本研究所提出之混成動力休閒車為確實可行之設計方案。
所發展之降壓式充電系統於平台測試證明其轉換效率可達85~95％。而混成動力系統於平台實驗，以ECE-40型態進行測試時，由於停止時引擎完全熄火，不似一般機車總以怠速運轉等待，因此整個ECE-40混成模式相對於引擎模式，引擎停止運轉時間約佔總時間之47.5％，可有效減少廢氣排放量。進行實車路測時，行駛距離6公里，殘電量由混成模式消耗8.72％，而改由引擎模式驅動提升約1.8％。顯示若以混成模式行駛距離佔總距離之1/6，便能使殘電量維持原來固定值，而此過程可達到減污作用。

並列摘要

This research includes the design of a new hybrid electric transmission for recreation vehicle , the construct of a charge system and the assembly and test of a prototype vehicle. The hybrid electric system contains three modes: (1) electric motor mode (2) engine mode (3) hybrid mode. During start-up or running in low speed situation, motor is used as the power source to reduce emission and fuel consumption. In high speed situation, the engine is adopted as the power source and the power is transmitted by a CVT with V-belt device to keep the advantage of smooth gear-change of a stepless transmission. As the status of charge (SOC) of the storage battery is insufficient, the equipped generator is operated by the engine to charge the storage battery. This operation can decrease the battery-capacity demand and increase the battery lifetime.
This paper begins with the description of the hybrid electric transmission, and proceeds with kinematic analysis and design to obtain the size of each component of this system. Further, the introduction of control system and the construct of a charge system are included. Finally, a prototype vehicle was assembled, and the bench test and prototype vehicle test were conducted. The results show the hybrid electric transmission, charge system and control system work properly and satisfy the design requirements. It proves the hybrid electric recreation vehicle is practicable.
The developed buck-type charge system approaches 85~95％ conversion efficiency in bench test. In addition, the bench test of the hybrid electric system in ECE-40 drive cycle demonstrates a potential to reduce the emission about 47.5％, due to the engine is cut-off during the vehicle stop period. In prototype vehicle test, the SOC in hybrid mode operation is reduced 8.72％, and it is increased about 1.8％ in engine mode operation during a 6km driving distance. It is estimated only about one-sixth of total distance under a hybrid mode operation, then the soc can be kept the same as the initial status and it results in emission reduction.

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