影像式五軸工具機智能化校正與補償系統

Image-type Intelligent Calibration and Compensation System to Five Axis Machine Tools

李在原(Zai-Yuan Li)

指導教授 ： 覺文郁

國立虎尾科技大學/工程學院/自動化工程系碩士班/碩士(2016年)

摘要

目前工具機檢測規範中，通常分為兩種一種為工具機精度誤差檢測，另一種為工具機切削測試，在國內外相關檢測儀器中，無一套設備可量測五軸工具機精度誤差與刀具參數。因此，本研究運用CCD及影像處理軟體，再搭配不同檢測物件，進行工具機誤差檢測與刀具參數檢測，並透過各廠商提供控制器函式庫與五軸工具機通訊連接，成功地完成自動補償作業，免去人工手動補償之不便與風險。
架設與檢測方法如下，先將CCD與檢測物件(標準圓球或刀具)結合於一待測五軸工具機的主軸及工作平台之間，使檢測物件設於CCD的偵測範圍中，且待測五軸工具機輸入ISO規範檢測路徑，進行CCD影像檢測，分析檢測物件軌跡路徑以及誤差計算，將透過標準圓球或刀具軌跡所檢測到的XOC、YOC、AOC、XOA、ZOA、ECC、EAA、EBB、Backlash誤差及刀具參數，並自動連線至工具機控制器，以讀取並修正各誤差項所對應之控制參數，完成智能化量測與補償。
系統規格條列如下：
(1)系統精度1 μm。
(2)可執行五軸同動/靜態性檢測。
(3)可與FANUC、HEIDENHAIN等控制器進行通訊連結達到自動量測與補償。
(4)檢測五軸總成誤差、旋轉軸偏心誤差、旋轉軸定位誤差、背隙誤差、刀具參數。

關鍵字

工具機 ； 影像檢測 ； 總成誤差 ； 刀具檢測

並列摘要

The current international standards for machine tool inspection can be divided in two categories: those involving accuracy inspections and those involving (e.g., cutting) tool parameter measurements. Moreover, there is no commercial inspection instrument capable of measuring both the inaccuracy and tool parameters of five-axis machine tools. In order to solve the above problems, the main purpose of this study aims to use CCD, imaging processing software, precision sphere and self-developed human-machine interface installed with library to connect with the commercial controllers for accomplishing automatic inspection and compensation of five-axis machine centers and cutting tools adopted, which is free of the inconveniences and risks due to manual compensation.
The proposed system is described as follows: the CCD and test item (precision sphere or precision sphere plus cutting tool) are assembled between the spindle and working table of the machine tool to be measured. The test item is set in the detection area of CCD for inspecting its trajectory which is moved by spindle according to the measuring path of ISO standard. The captured trajectory images of cutting tool or precision sphere are calculated and analyzed by image software for tool parameters modification or errors detection, such as XOC, YOC, AOC, XOA, ZOA, ECC, EAA, EBB, and backlash errors. Finally, these data can be automatically feedback to commercial controllers via the human-machine interface for error and parameter compensation. System specifications are listed as following:
(1)System accuracy ± 1μm;
(2)Dynamic / static measuring;
(3)Automatic compensation for FANUC and HEIDENHAIN controllers;
(4)Capable of detecting assembly errors, rotary-axis eccentricity, rotary-Axis positioning accuracy error, backlash error, and cutting tool error.

並列關鍵字

Machine tool ； Image Inspection ； Assembly errors ； Cutting Tool Inspection.

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