黃芩之活性成分與生物活性回顧

黃芩為唇形科植物黃芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Geprgi)的乾燥根，性寒味苦，具有清熱瀉火、燥濕解毒、止血以及安胎等功效。主要分佈於中國河北、黑龍江、山西、內蒙古、陝西、山東、河南、東北、雲南等地。針對黃芩之文獻回顧探討，發現黃芩主要的黃酮類成分為黃芩苷(baicalin)、黃芩素(baicalein)、漢黃芩素(wogonin)、黃芩新素(neobaicalein)等，且其藥理活性包括抗菌、抗病毒、解熱鎮痛、抗腫瘤作用、對免疫系統影響、治療心血管疾病、抗自由基、抗氧化等多項作用。其主要成分之一的漢黃芩素(wogonin)具有抗氧化、抗發炎、降低焦慮、能有效清除自由基和神經系統保護等活性，因此本論文就黃芩主要活性成分漢黃芩素(wogonin)的藥理活性、分離方法進行文獻回顧與分析並擬建立此成分快速且大量提取的分離方法。利用黃芩萃取漢黃芩素的文獻搜尋發現，最常見的以水提法居多，但因其缺點在於萃取過程中所提取的雜質過多，成分不完全等缺點。使用甲醇抽取優於乙酸和丙酮，且在實驗中發現由甲醇萃取的漢黃芩素含量比其它兩者還多。因此，本論文對於漢黃芩素(wogonin)的快速大量分離方法是採取甲醇熱迴流萃取，經減壓濃縮取得粗抽物，再經由分配萃取與矽膠管柱層析等分離方法，可快速且大量純化得漢黃芩素，期能由此建立漢黃芩素的工業量產方法，以提供商業化之可能途徑。

關鍵字

唇形科；黃芩；漢黃芩素；黃酮類；生物活性

並列摘要

The root of Scutellaria baicalensis,belong to Liliaceae family,is used for heat-clearing and fire-purging,drying damp, detoxification, hemostasia, and antiabortifacient. Acccording the literature review of S. baicalensis, the key componentswere flavonoids, including baicalin, baicaleinb wogonin, and neobaicalein. The biological activities of S. baicalensis showed anti-microbial,anti-virus,antipyretics,anti-neoplastic, immunonary, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, anti-free radical effect,and anti-oxidativeeffects. The bioactivities of wogonin, which was the major flavonoid from S. baicalensis, alsoshowed anti-oxidactive, anti-inflammatory, anxiety-reduction, anti-free radical and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this thesis were reviewed the biological activities, and preparation methods, and established the large scalepreparationmethod of wogonin. The preparation method ofS. baicalensis was solvent, and water extractions. However, the water extract contained impurities and incomplete extraction more than other solvent methods. The other extracted solvents were methanol,acetic acid and acetone. The methanol extract was found that the yield of wogonin was more than others. Therefore,the roots of S. baicalensis were extracted with methanol, and concentrated in vaccum to get methanol extract. The methanol extract was partionated by different polarity solvent and subjected on silica gel column chromatography to obtain wogonin, rapidly. This method maybe provide the purification method for wogonin for large-scale in the future.