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  • 學位論文

新聞記者之勞動權益探討:以工作時間定義為核心

Research on Working Condition of Reporter: Definition of Working Time

指導教授 : 邱羽凡

摘要


新聞品質如何改善一直是社會各界關注的議題,然本文在質性訪談過程中發現,改善新聞品質之關鍵在新聞記者勞動條件的提升,而其中尤以工作時間的改善最為重要,然新聞記者之工作時間相較於一般勞工有其特殊之處,故有加以進一步探討之必要性。因此,本文首先對於學說見解與法院關於工作時間認定之判決進行分析與歸納,得出工作時間即為「勞工在雇主指揮監督下」之時間,然為增進討論之深度與廣度,故本文以歐盟工作時間2003/88/EC指令與歐盟法院相關判決進行分析,並以此為基礎對我國工作時間理論提出幾點值得思考之方向,其中以「勞工得否自由使用該時段」為判斷勞工是否處於雇主指揮監督下之指標對本文最具啟發性。在前述研究的基礎上,本文對於新聞記者之勞動過程特殊性所可能衍生之工作時間爭議法律問題為分析,尤其新聞記者所從事之準備工作得否計入工作時間之中,素有爭議,本文認為應以「必要性」與「未來性」為判準來判斷新聞記者從事該等活動是否係為完成其勞務之提供,而實質上處於雇主指揮監督之下。再者,新聞記者之勞動過程中有不同勞動密度,各階段是否得以計入工作時間亦須回歸前述工作時間基本定義,但原則上核心工作時間、備勤工作時間以及待命工作時間屬於工作時間,候傳工作時間僅於例外情形方屬工作時間。最後,本文指出核心工作時間、備勤工作時間以及待命工作時間也有可能在例外的情形下,例如勞工全然出於自願而延長工作時間,而不屬於工作時間。整體而言,新聞記者之工作時間以「是否處於雇主的指揮監督下」為斷,而判斷是否處於雇主的指揮監督下則視其「得否完全自由利用該時段」為指標。

並列摘要


The topic about quality of news is urgent for a long time. The author of this article also wants to deal with this topic from his own view. By empirical study, the author finds the standard of working condition of reporter, especially the condition regarding working time, related to this topic directly. As a result, the author address working time of reporter as the mainly issue in this article. Before dealing with foregoing topic, the author study the article and judgment regarding definition of working time. As a result, the author finds the definition of working time is the time when employee is under the supervision of employer. Moreover, the author study the judgment of Court of Justice of the European Union which related to Directive 2003/88/EC. Subsequently, the author find that the way to distinguish whether employee is under the supervision of employer is to investigate whether employee can use such period on his/her own way freely or not. Besides, the author investigates reporter’s actual process of working by empirical study. As a result, the author finds there is some characteristics which could be summarized as four legal questions in this process. Subsequently, the author answer those questions on the basis of Labor Standards Act, Directive 2003/88/EC, judgement and theory related to it.

參考文獻


中文文獻
一、中文書籍
1.Earl Babbie著,劉鶴群、林秀雲、陳麗欣、胡正申、黃韻如譯,《社會科學研究方法》,雙葉書廊有限公司,再版,台北 (2010)。
2.Jane Stokes著,趙偉妏譯,《教您如何做文化暨媒介研究》,韋伯出版社,初版,台北 (2007)。
3.McIntyre, P.著,謝德謙譯,《衝進新聞第一線:帶著報導,活著出來》,商周出版,初版,台北 (2005)。

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