近年政府修訂《客家基本法》以及正在研擬的《公共媒體法》,再次讓客家電視的法律定位議題浮上檯面。檢閱歷年許多文獻均指出客家電視經營存在著問題,然而學術上無論是立法面向的實質修改或是對於制度的深入研究,都呈現停滯狀態。因此本文必須在立法前統整並釐清客家電視開播至今的營運狀況,才不會讓費心建置的法條對客家電視問題的解決依舊徒勞無功,或者是帶來更多的發展阻礙。本文共提出三個研究問題檢視客家電視制度與組織運作狀況,從文獻回顧中整理出族群媒體與國家、族群、社會之間互動關係作為研究分析框架。研究分析時,將客家電視發展置於臺灣社會脈絡下作思考,運用紮根理論法、深度訪談法與次級資料分析法尋求客家電視經營問題根源與解決之道。文末除了回應本文的研究問題,也會提供族群媒體建置目標與客家電視制度設計與法規建議。
The government’s amendments to the Hakka Basic Law and efforts in drafting Public Media Law in recent years have brought the issue regarding the legal position of Hakka TV into the spotlight. Problems in Hakka TV’s operations have been pointed out by various studies; however, academic discussion on this issue, regardless of substantial amendments from the legislative perspective or in-depth investigation into the institution, has stagnated. Therefore, this study aimed to compile and clarify the operational performance of Hakka TV since it was launched before the law’s enactment to avoid the scenario where the law leaves Hakka TV’s problems unsolved or even creates more barriers for its development. This study proposed three research questions to examine Hakka TV’s internal system and organizational operation. The research framework was established according to the interactive relationships between ethnic media and the country, ethnic groups, and the society, which were revealed by a literature review. Hakka TV’s development was analyzed in the context of the Taiwanese society. This study employed the grounded theory, in-depth interviews, and secondary data analysis to identify the root causes of and solutions to Hakka TV’s operational problems. Finally, this study responded to the research questions and provided recommendations for ethnic media regarding goal establishment and for the government in the formulation of legal regulations for Hakka TV.