GIS應用評估消防據點設立之研究－以新竹市為例

都市的消防救災設施是以消防隊為主，其據點的選擇對於消防服務在時效性及服務範圍上有最直接的關聯。本研究對於新竹市現有的10個消防隊的據點配置做一個探討，透過消防車的有效反應時間內所能到達的最遠的距離所涵蓋的範圍，配合該局的火場指揮救災作業規定，分析其救災的效率性、公平性，以瞭解據點配置的妥切性。本研究應用地理資訊系統來探討都市的消防救災功能，利用GIS圖形結合屬性資料特性與路網分析(Network Analysis)的功能，得知新竹市消防救災設施空間分佈與服務範圍，且進一步由疊合查詢分析(Overlay)消防救災設施服務範圍內得知其救災效率，藉由不同的救災效率分析發覺消防救災服務潛在危險區域。經由各消防據點務範圍區的路網分析與空間疊圖查詢分析的結果發現，現有各消防隊服務範圍在行車時間5分鐘、行車速度每小時60公里的標準下，是可服務新竹市大部分已開發地區，唯有在香山區之東南部邊緣地區，無法在5分鐘內到達，建議在該區域內能增加消防隊的據點，以使緊急救災服務能符合公平性與效率性，進一步的保障新竹市居民的生命財產安全。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統；消防據點；路網分析；套疊分析

並列摘要

Metropolis firefighting rescue facilities are mainly fire brigade, and based on fire service in the timeliness and rescue, the choice of firefighting stronghold have the most direct correlation. In accordance with the base configuration of Hsinchu City existing 10 fire brigades and “Hsinchu City fire scene directing rescue operations regulations”. The study analyzed relief efficiency, fairness, and the configuration of firefighting stronghold in Hsinchu City through the effective reaction time of fire trucks which covered farthest distance. The study adopted geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze metropolis fire rescue capabilities, combined with the use of GIS graphics features data characteristic and network analysis functions. Thus, we could obtain spatial distribution of services and fire rescue facilities in Hsinchu City, and understand its appropriateness of location and number of the fire rescue facilities services further by the overlay query and analysis. The Results has shown that existing fire positions should have to serve most developed areas in Hsinchu under the range of existing fire brigade service of 5 minutes travel time and driving speed of 60 km per hour through the road network traffic and overlay analysis. However, fire trucks could not reached the southeast marginal areas at Xiangshan zone within five minutes; therefore, it is recommended that the area should be increased fire brigade stronghold to make emergency relief services meet the fairness and efficiency.