反應性醛腈與極性麻醉含鹵素取代基苯胺之混合毒性試驗

Combined toxic effects of reactive toxicants and polar narcotic toxicants - halogen - anilines

廖庭宇

指導教授 ： 陳重元

國立交通大學/工學院/環境工程系所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6842/NCTU.2010.00921

摘要

本研究針對反應性類毒性物質-醛類與腈類，以及極性麻醉毒性物質-含鹵素取代基苯胺，以Microtox生物試驗進行混合毒性試驗，實驗結果顯示，此兩類不同機制的毒性物質混合後，在劑量反應曲線之斜率較小與斜率較大的毒化物混合結果部份，呈現拮抗的毒性效應；而在劑量反應曲線之斜率較小的毒化物互相混合結果部份，則大部分產生相加或拮抗的毒性效應，其交互作用主要為相加以及拮抗作用。
根據非交互作用混合毒性理論 (Non-interactive multiple toxicity theory；Christensen ＆ Chen, 1989)，不同機制且具平緩劑量-反應曲線之毒化物混合應產生協同作用之混合效應，本研究所得之結果與上述理論有明顯差異。推測本研究毒化物的混合可能產生化學物質間的交互作用 (Interactive)，因此進一步使用高效率層析儀分析混合試驗的毒性化學物質，並參考相關文獻的探討。而在高效率層析儀的分析方面，發現Glutaraldehyde以及4-Chloroaniline的混合組別分析中，與4-Chloroaniline的單一分析比較，4-Chloroaniline的訊號值大幅下降；相關文獻中也發現醛類和苯胺類容易產生縮合化學反應，生成亞胺(imine)類物質；isobologram中也發現4-chloroaniline +甲醛、3-chloroaniline +戊二醛、3,4-dichloroaniline +戊二醛的混合呈現不符合非交互作用理論的圖形，以及在質譜儀的分析方面，也發現混合後的毒性物質產生了新的分子量，因此推斷本研究的混合試驗化學物質間有可能產生化學性的交互作用而使得毒性呈現拮抗或相加。
本研究的混合毒性試驗中，得到了大部分為毒性下降以及相加性的結果，即此兩類機制毒化物混合後對環境的衝擊減小或和個別單一存在時對環境的衝擊相同。而在非交互作用理論之下的混合毒性預測和試驗結果不完全符合之情況下，混合毒性的探討也要將兩毒化物間的交互作用納入考量，這使得毒化物的混合呈現更複雜的混合效應。

關鍵字

毒性試驗 ； 混合毒性效應 ； 海洋發光菌 ； 急性麻醉性毒化物 ； 反應性有機毒化物

並列摘要

The combined toxic effects of reactive organic toxicants (aldehydes or nitriles) and polar narcotic halogenated anilines were evaluated using the Microtox test. The effects of the mixtures of the above compounds, which contain different mechanisms of toxicity, were investigated using equit-toxic-ratio tests and isobologram analyses. Both less-than-additive and additive effects were observed from the above mixtures.
According to Non-interactive multiple toxicity theory (Christensen ＆ Chen, 1989), greater- than-additive (synergistic) effects will perform when toxicants have different mechanisms and flat concentration-response curves mixed. The toxicity test results of this research are not corresponding with the Non-interactive multiple toxicity theory. Due to the different toxicity effects, here assume that the interactive effect exist. HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography), isobologram and MS (Mass Spectrometry) were used to analyze the toxic mixtures. The analysis results indicate there may be interactive effect among the toxic mixtures of this research.
Most of the mixtures evaluated by the present study revealed antagonistic or addictive effects; which indicates that the impact to the environment from the aforementioned mixtures are expected to be less severe or the same compared with the toxicants existed alone.

並列關鍵字

toxicity test ； combined toxic effects ； Microtox ； polar narcotic toxicants ； reactive organic toxicants

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