台灣國民小學民俗體育發展之研究, 1971-2000

Reserch on the Development of Flok Sports in Taiwan''s Primary

戴佩琪(Pei-Chi Tai)

指導教授 ： 賴澤涵

國立中央大學/文學院/歷史研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2006年)

摘要

國小民俗體育的發展，是從政府一連串的政策施行中發展出來，其重視的程度是從民國六０年代開始，一直到八０年代，在政策面、課程教學面以及民俗體育團隊的成立上，有著不同的演變。

在政策面，從推行中華文化復興運動開始，積極的在小學推廣民俗體育活動，並製訂比賽辦法之後，其相關的法令一一出籠；且以跳繩、踼毽及扯鈴為主要項目，但至民國八十年起，教育部在國中小推展傳統藝術教育計畫，使得舞龍、舞獅、宋江陣等大型民俗體育團隊紛紛出現，而形成民俗體育活動的多樣化。

在課程和教學面，隨著民國六十四年至民國八十九年體育課程之改變，其中鄉土教材演變為民俗，內容其實是一樣的，可見和政府政策有其相矛盾之處；課程反應在教學上，有興趣之老師才會在體育課教學生學習，學生的興趣是無法持續。其最重要就是師資的不足，因此，也難怪在國小體育課程中實行不彰。

在民俗體育團隊的成立上，將表演性的運動，形成競賽性的方式，其目的是為要將之推展出去，可是只有重點學校可以維持其比賽的成果之下，造成點狀的推行，這只是維持民俗體育活動的存在而已，並非真正的發揚。

由此三方面之發展，可看出政府積極推動民俗體育，從固有體育的觀念，因文化認同的改變，形成本土化的民俗體育，進而在國小推動多年。最後，仍是教材、經費及師資的問題，一直無法徹底的解決，使之民俗體育的推動，只靠少數學校在推行，其成效有限。

關鍵字

民俗體育

並列摘要

Primary folk sports have been passed and developed by successive governmental policies, which started from 1970 and through 1990. During the period, there have been changes in policy, curriculum practices and teaching, as well as sports team-up.

In the perspective of policy, the authorities have poured great efforts on the promotion of folk sports by fixing contest rules and stipulating related regulations. Initially, it was focused on such items as rope jumping, shuttlecock kicking and diabolo. Moreover, there have appeared such large sport teams as dragon dance, lion dance and Sung Chiang battle array since Ministry of Education actively launched a promotion project of traditional arts education in primary and junior high schools in 1991.

In curriculum practices and teaching, there have been changes from 1975 to 2000. The course of country culture was turned into folk culture, both of which are substantially the same. The curriculum reflects on the teaching practices. Only teachers having interest in folk sport will let students do the learning; otherwise, students’ interest will be brushed off. Therefore, the cause is a deficiency in competent teachers. It is no wonder that primary physical education is not well-practiced.

In sports team-up, the notion of turning an entertaining sport into a competing sport is to promote the sport popularity, while only highlighted schools can show their results. Thus, only promotions spot by spot can be seen, which stands for an existence of folk sports not for actual promotion.

From the above three perspectives, it is clear that the Government is keen on promoting folk sports in primary schools. Owing to changes in cultural identity, it has transferred the traditional sport to localized folk sport. To put it last but not the least, the effect of folk sport promotion is still limited due to the unsolved difficulties in teaching materials, expense and recruiting teachers.

並列關鍵字

Fold Sports

參考文獻

教育部，《第五次全國教育會議報告》，台北：教育部，（民59年）。

教育部，《第六次全國教育會議報告》，台北：教育部，（民77年）。

李秉彝，＜民俗體育活動的推行與展望＞，《師友》，180，（民71年6月），頁13~16。

吳慧貞，＜台灣民俗體育發展初探（1975-1990）＞，《體育學報》，32輯，（民91年3月），頁157~168。

蔡宗信，＜如何推動學校民俗體育之探析＞，《學校體育雙月刊》，10：6，（民89年），頁6~12。