摘要
客家話是漢語方言的一支，不同於印歐語系的語言，沒有明顯的動詞屈折形式以表示不同的時態和人稱等變化，但卻可以發現多樣的動詞詞尾、助詞或副詞的形式發揮了這個功能，來代表說話者對事件的觀察角度，即所謂的體貌(aspects)。本文以調查訪問、描寫方法及語法比較呈現屬於四縣海陸混合區的客家話的體標記。 本文第一章緒論說明了研究動機與目的、研究範圍和方法以及前人研究漢語及方言體標記的相關問題和結果。第二章主要討論時間、體標記和動詞的關係和語法化的概念；第三章由漢語體標記所代表的意義及形式做說明；第四章為客家話體標記的意義和形式做比較和分析；第五章為 “緊”字的語義分析和句式討論；第六章為國客閩語零標記的語意分析；第七章為結論。 以完整貌和非完整貌分類的情境，做廣義的體標記討論，綜合比較的結果，四縣海陸客家話的體標記，除了緊隨動詞後的 “等、過、咧 ”的虛詞外，也有前綴的 “識”、 “有”表經歷體； “當到該”表示進行體，更有以兼具副詞意的 “緊”字代表持續的體標和其衍生出來的句式及語意；以動詞重疊加上啊咧的詞彙形式代表嘗試；最特別的是零標記，大多以動補結構和動賓結構所表示的完成體，而句末語氣詞也可兼為體標記的一種。每一種動詞體標記不同，其所表示的意涵也不盡相同。
並列摘要
Hakka , a Chinese dialect ,is different from the Indo-European languages , have no verbal inflection form of the verb to express a different tense and person changes in events . Replaced by a variety of verb suffix, particle or adverbs to function, to represent the speaker’s point of view of event observation , which is the so-called aspects . Based on the survey, describes methods and syntax comparison to showed the aspect system of si shien hai lu mixed dialect . The first chapter consists of motivation and purpose of research, methods and scope of the study and previous relevant issue and finding by the linguists. The second chapter focused on the relation of event time 、verbs 、aspects and phases .The third chapter aims to discuss the meaning and form of various aspects of Mandarin Chinese; Chapter four emphisis on the Hakka dialect ,also the meaning and form of aspects ,especially in comparison and analysis ; Chapter five have the related analysis and semantic discussion of the word "緊". In chapter six ,we would like to figure out the markerless aspect of Min dialect、Hakka dialect and Mandarin Chinese in semantic analysis; Chapter seven is the conclusions. Perfective and imperfective dichotomy，with a broader discussion and alalysis of the aspect，the aspects of si shien hai lu mixed dialect are ： verb-suffix ： “ten等”、“ko過”、 “le咧”； verb-prefix：“to? to ke當到該”、?it識”、 “?iu有” ； adverb “kin 緊” with progressive aspect meaning ；with duplicate verb ended with “ne le” represents attemption. Most verb-complement and verb-object structures resemble the completed aspect.Also sentence-fianl mood is an asptct. Each aspect marker and meaning different form each other.