書寫情緒表達及宗教對於創傷適應及健康的影響

EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION AND RELIGION ON TRAUMA ADAPTATION AND WELL-BEING

高敏嘉(Min-chia Kao)

指導教授 ： 陳永儀

國立中央大學/理學院/認知與神經科學研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

近來研究發現以書寫方式重複釋放創傷經驗的情緒，有助於身心的健康。然而，以
書寫方式表達情緒，進而影響身心健康的背後機制卻有待釐清。心理壓力的研究發現宗
教信仰、意義與身心健康彼此相關。本研究目的欲檢視在書寫情緒表達中加入個人宗教
的觀點對於創傷適應及健康會有什麼樣的影響，而我們假設在經歷重大壓力後，透過書
寫情緒表達的同時，宗教信仰經由適應性的認知歷程促進意義構建來促進健康的改善。
本研究將受試者隨機分派至不同實驗情境，包括創傷情境、創傷-宗教情境及控制情境
我們以測量生理症狀、創傷後壓力、焦慮症狀以及憂鬱症狀，作為結果變項。本實驗的
結果發現在創傷－宗教情境組發現，經過以個人宗教觀點書寫有關個人的創傷經驗後：
１）以往較少跟他人討論過創傷經驗的人在創傷後壓力症候群的症狀上有顯著的改善。
２）樂觀程度及情緒智商都較高的人以及樂觀程度及情緒智商都較低的人在焦慮的症狀
上有顯著的改善。３）自評創傷程度較高而且情緒智商較低的人在憂鬱的症狀上有顯著
的改善。而在創傷情境組，經過情緒表達書寫之後：１）自評宗教信仰程度較低而且以
往較少跟他人討論過創傷經驗的人在生理的症狀上有顯著的改善。２）在第三次書寫的
文章中使用＂我＂字詞越少的人，在憂鬱的症狀上有顯著的改善。

關鍵字

書寫式的情緒釋放 ； 心理創傷 ； 創傷壓力 ； 治療 ； 宗教 ； 信仰

並列摘要

Background: Previous research has found that repeated expression of a traumatic experience
is beneficial to well-being. However, mechanisms through which written emotional
expression affects health remain unclear. Religion is another factor that has been found to
facilitate adaptation to psychological trauma. Although very little research has been conducted
on the relationship between emotional expression and religion, these constructs may be
closely associated conceptually. In this study, we examined the effects of written emotional
expression and the effects of taking a religious perspective during a trauma-writing exercise in
a Taiwanese student sample. Method: Participants were assigned randomly to write about a
trivial topic (CC), a traumatic experience (TC), or a traumatic experience from a
religious/spiritual perspective (TRC). Baseline well-being indicators were administered before
participants wrote for 3 sessions, 20 minutes a session. Well-being indicators were
administered again at 1-month follow-up. Result: there were no main effects of treatment
conditions, but there were five interactions had been found in this study. 1.) The result showed
significantly reducing PTSD symptoms on participants who rarely talking about their
traumatic experience in TRC. 2.) People were low in religiousness and low frequency of
talking about their traumatic experience had significantly reducing physical symptoms in TC.
3.) People who were relatively more pessimistic and poorer self-perceptions of emotions, and
who were relatively more optimistic and better self-perceptions of emotions showed
significantly reducing anxiety symptoms in TRC. 4.) People who were relatively high in
trauma severity and poorer self-perceptions of emotions showed significantly reducing
depressive symptoms in TRC. 5.) People who were low percentage of I word in the third
writings significantly reducing depressive symptoms in TC. Conclusion: This study provided
evidence that using religious frame in written emotional expression may have more benefit for
Taiwanese on psychologically distress in some circumstances, since Taiwanese are not
courage to express their feeling and thoughts about personal distress.

並列關鍵字

emotional expression ； religion ； trauma ； PTSD symptoms

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