夫妻家務分擔的角力─教育與所得差異所扮演的角色

Housework Sharing within Married Couple ─ Do Income and Education Disparity Play a Role?

陳狄秋(Ti-Chiu Chen)

指導教授 ： 蔡偉德

國立中央大學/管理學院/產業經濟研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

近20年來，婦女勞動參與率提升，兩性間勞動參與率差距降低；女性大學以上學生數增加，女性薪資也逐年增加，但依主計處2000年與2004年每日約束時間分配調查發現，兩性之間歷經四年其每日家務工作時間的差距並未縮短，且維持一致。因此本文將要探究家庭內影響婦女家務負擔的影響因素為何。
本文對於家庭內影響婦女家務負擔的影響因素，主要在於探討夫妻間資源差異對婦女家務負擔的影響程度。家庭成員各自擁有資源，並透過協商使家庭內部經由資源的移轉與分配使家庭產出達到最大化。然而在資源交換過程中，除夫妻間個人所擁有的資源外，夫妻間資源的差異是否才是真正影響效用的結果?故設立四個實證假說:(1)若先生所得大於太太，則預期兩者的所得差距對於婦女家務負擔程度為顯著正向影響；(2)若太太所得大於先生，則預期兩者的所得差距對於婦女家務負擔程度為顯著負向影響；(3)若先生受教育年數大於太太，則預期兩者的受教育年數差距對於婦女家務負擔程度為顯著正向影響；(4)若太太受教育年數大於先生，則預期兩者的受教育年數差距對於婦女家務負擔程度為顯著負向影響。透過實證模型得知，減輕婦女家務負擔程度，其真正有效的利器在於本身的所得以及與先生的所得差距。

關鍵字

家務工作 ； 所得 ； 教育

並列摘要

In recent 20 years, the gap of labor participating rate between male and female has narrowed due to the increase of female participating in the labor force. The number of college graduated (or above) female has increased, and female salary is getting higher year by year. However, based on the survey of daily constraint time allocation conducted by DGBAS in 2000 and 2004, the differential of daily housework time between male and female did not get shorten, and it remained the same. This essay will explore why and what the factors are affecting the female housework time within family.
For the factors that are affecting the female housework time within family, this essay mainly discusses the magnitude of impact of resource differential within married couple to the burden of housework by married woman. Each family member owns resource him/herself, and they maximize their output for the whole family by negotiating within family members and through transferring and relocating resources. However, during the process of interchanging resources, in addition to the resource that he/she owns individually, is it the resource differential within married couple that truly affects the result? We therefore set up four assumptions: (1) if the income of husband is greater than the income of wife, we expect the income differential has positive correlation with the wife’s housework burden; (2) if the income of wife is greater than the income of husband, we expect the income differential has negative correlation with the wife’s housework burden; (3) if the years of education of husband is greater than the years of education of wife, we expect the differential of years of education has positive correlation with the wife’s housework burden; (4) if the years of education of wife is greater than the years of education of husband, we expect the differential of years of education has negative correlation with the wife’s housework burden. Through empirical model, in order to lessen the housework burden by married woman, the most efficient tool relies on the income she has and the income differential from her husband.

並列關鍵字

education ； income ； housework

參考文獻

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