從「作月子」看閩客族群文化的異同

The study of the culture similarities and differences between Taiwan Minnan population and Hakka ethnic groups via " Zuoyue Zi" customs

傅孟嬌(Meng-jaio Fu)

指導教授 ： 張翰璧

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家研究碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

台灣境內漢人的作月子文化與習俗人所皆知，眾人所知的作月子習俗不外乎喝麻油雞、生化湯；不洗頭、不勞動、不食冷性食物；做滿月吃油飯分蛋糕…等。學術上對台灣作月子文化與習俗的研究，也多以醫療因素、產婦個人條件、或中國文化傳統觀念等方向做為研究作月子文化的觀點，然而，台灣境內的漢人包括了閩南族群、客家族群、外省族群等，卻少有針對族群之別的觀點來深入研究作月子的習俗文化，作月子文化真的能以漢人作月子文化習俗一言以蔽之嗎？研究者想要以閩客族群執行作月子文化與習俗的過程為主，加上族群的特有特質為輔，來清楚界定閩客族群兩者間作月子文化習俗的差異，一來能一解自己的好奇心，再來希望藉由此論文試圖將閩客文化的部份做個區分，為閩南與客家的文化特性做個較明確的區隔，讓客家或閩南文化的保存有根可循。
本研究的研究的方法以質化的深度訪談資料為研究的主要方法，其資料來源也以受訪者的訪談內容為主要的分析材料。研究結果顯示，因閩客族群在大陸原鄉與生活氣候與條件的相似，且都受到中國傳統文化的薰陶，而形成作月子的方法大方向相似度及近似，但因族群特質在人文精神與性格、宗族組織、生活飲食觀、宗教信仰觀、教育觀等向度上，有些許的差異，形成對作月子習俗文化在執行上的態度、觀念不同，造成閩客家族群在作月子習俗文化的執行上的差異，客家族群顯現出其對生兒育女及宗族組織…的重視與執著；閩南族群則顯現閩南族群對作月子文化的遵循態度，是以符合生活為主，對習俗文化表現較少的遵循度。閩客族群對作月子文化與習俗的執行態度與觀念，雖因族群特質而存有些微的差異，但均對現今市場上作月子中心的成立大有啟示。

關鍵字

作月子習俗 ； 閩南族群文化 ； 客家族群文化

並列摘要

The territory of Han Taiwanese culture and customs of people of Zuoyue Zi is well known, but people know nothing more than to drink sesame chicken soup, biochemical soup, not to wash hair, not to work, not to eat cold foods, for a month. After the month, families will distribut oil rice or full-moon cake. Academic culture and customs of Taiwan Zuoyue Zi researchs are only focued on medical factors, maternal personal conditions, or the direction of Chinese culture and traditional values. However, they lack of the point views in analyses about the difference between Taiwan Minnan population and Hakka ethnic groups, ethnic and other provinces. This thesis performs Zuoyue Zi behavior first on the ethnic culture and customs of the process-based, and then supplemented with ethnic-specific characteristics, to clearly define the differences between the two ethnic groups in cultural practices Zuoyue Zi. Via this paper, people can part the cultural distinction, the Minnan and Hakka cultural identity to be more specific differentiation, so that the preservation of Hakka or Fujian culture has roots can be follow.

This research methods are based on qualitative data via depth interviews. These data source from the interviews of respondents are the major analyses of materials. Research results display, due to the life climate and conditions in mainland for Minnan-Hakka ethnic group being similar to that in Taiwan, China traditional culture and formation for Zuoyue Zi is similar and approximate. In details, these two ethnic groups have different views in ethnic group trait in Humanities spirit and character, clan organization, life diet, religious belief, and education. That leads to some attitude, and concept differences in formation on for Zuoyue Zi customs culture in implementation for Minan and Hakka ethnic groups. Hakka reveals the attention and dedication to give birth to children and clan organizations communities. Minnan group follows on Zuoyue Zi culture attitude with the consistent of daily life. In other words, they are practices less followed with the original cultural expression. Zuoyue Zi culture and customs of the attitudes and perceptions are slight different due to ethnic traits, but the researches are of great inspiration for Zuoyue Zi agencies on the market today.

並列關鍵字

Zuoyue Zi Custom ； Minan Ethnic Group Culture ； Hakka Ethnic Group Culture

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