從國內救災機制探討國軍因應之作為：論我國災害防救之執行策略

Internal Relief Mechanism and the Army:Taiwan’s Strategy for the Prevention of Its Disaster

許鳳容(Feng-jumg Hsu)

指導教授 ： 陳亮智

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

近年來，許多國家因自然界的氣候變遷，遭遇到超越以往的天然災害，國軍於1999年「921大地震」發生後，秉持「救災視同作戰」的原則，進行搶救工作；惟2009年「莫拉克颱風」，國軍採取同等行動，但社會的反應卻呈現兩極化。究竟國軍在救災過程中是否有反應不足之處？其應扮演何種角色？
救災事務攸關國家百姓生命財產安全，如何維護眾人權益、保障人民福祉，首當應從公共行政方面著手；本研究採用國內知名公共政策學者林水波等人之研究論點及美國政治學者Charles E. Lindblom所提出之漸進決策模型，分析我國災害防救相關政府政策及法令規章，制定或修改之時空背景、考量限制及演變過程。
另藉由上述分析結果，以界定國軍執行各項災害救助，所應投入之程度及狀況處置作為，並輔以美、日兩國與我國救災機制之比較；從本研究發現，我國救災機制多參照美國等先進國家相關作為，故災害防救任務執行層級之責任劃分大多一致，惟對於軍隊派遣之指揮機制，因軍隊編制及組織大小的不同，其對於災害救援投入之效率也有著相對的落差；國軍面臨轉型的時代，其負責範圍涵括廣泛的國家安全，形塑成為無可取代之災防尖兵，是未來角色定位的重要思量。

關鍵字

災害防救 ； 救災機制 ； 漸進決策模型

並列摘要

In recent years, many countries have suffered natural disasters even more than formerly due to the climate changes of the nature. Our national military has insisted that relieving the victims of a disaster is regarded as fighting as a matter of principle to proceed the rescue task since an earthquake happened on September 21, 1999.However our national military takes the same action but the community’s respose presents the polarization until the typhoon, Morakot in 2009.After all, does our national military lock for resource in the process of the disaster relief ? Which kind of role should it be acted?
The affairs providing disaster relief concern national common people’s safety of life and property. How should our military safeguard everybody’s rights and protect the welfare of the people? First we should start from public adminstration aspects. The research adopts the arguments which the well-known public policy scholars study such as Shui Po Lin and American political scholar, Charles E proposes incremental decision-making model to analyze thr collelation between government’policies and law rules about the disaster prevention and respose in the country. Develop or modify the space-time background and consider the limit and the evolution of the process.
Another the analysis result by the aforsaid, provide that our national military handles the extent and condition of the disposal that should put into when they carry out every succour of disasters and also compare mechanisms providing disaster relief of our country with America’s and Japan’s. Found from this study, our country’s providing the disaster relief mechanism references to America and other advanced countries more so it is mostly consistent with the disaster prevention and division of responsibilties of the task execution level. Only for the mechanism to the conductor which our military sends, the efficiency of investment for disaster relief also has a relatively gap due to the military’s establishment and organization of different sizes. Our military faces the era of transition and its area of responsibility covers a wide range of national security. Shape and become the vanguard of the irreplaceable disaster prevention and it is that the importance that the role makes a reservation is considered in the future.

並列關鍵字

Disaster prevention and rescue ； Disaster response mechanisms ； Iincremental decision-making model

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