國軍災害防救與救災機制之應變作為-以莫拉克風災為例

Disaster Reduction of Army of R.O.C and Solution of Relief Mechanism -For example Typhoon Morakot

謝政潔(Shieh,ChengChieh)

指導教授 ： 陳亮智博士

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

現今社會科技日益發達，人們生活愈來愈安定，但是維護大自然環境的觀念卻更加淡薄，許多災害都是一點一低的破壞而成，導致大自然環境變向並且一步步吞噬人類，民國98年8月份莫拉克風災襲擊台灣，導致人民生命、財產重創，中央與地方政府應變處置失當，國軍沒有配合政府在第一時間納入搶救，導致許多百姓無家可歸，導致想研究本文的目的，初期先將國軍目前現有的組織體系、面對災害來臨時的編組功能及任務，災害發生時申請國軍兵力投入支援之作業程序作介紹；再者將國軍在災害管理時所扮演的角色與責任分成四階段闡述；其次描述軍隊在各級災害防救機關之角色及從事救援之流程、軍隊與民間志願服務團體從事災害救援之差異、災害防救法施行前後軍隊從事救援作業流程之差異；最後結論由莫拉克風災事件的分析及檢討，建議目前政府日後應該採取的防災政策及強化現有救災機制體制流程。

關鍵字

莫拉克風災 ； 災害防救法 ； 作業程序 ； 救災機制

並列摘要

Technology has been blooming in recent years, which increasingly facilitate our daily lives year after year. Yet most of us had long forgotten how to preserve the Great Mother Nature and thus ruined her step by step, which resulted into a dramatic change of our living environment. Human beings, undoubtedly, now face its revenge. August 2009, typhoon Mullock fiercely damaged Taiwan and thus destroyed enormous amount of civilian housing and their properties. At that time, our central and local government failed to perceive how serious the situation was and there totally missed their timing to prevent the calamity from unlimitedly expending. Our troops were not assigned to the frontline for in-time civil support missions and thus caused numerous homeless civilian in the aftermath. This is the main reason that I’d decided to begin on this thesis.The beginning part of this thesis will focus on how ROC military face natural calamities with current TO&E and assigned missions, and the application procedure for civil support missions when calamities occur; Secondarily, four phases of description in detail will be covered on ROC military’s role and responsibility in civil support missions. Thirdly, I will be going through what role the ROC military plays in calamities-preventing institutions, and the procedure of rescue missions, difference between military and civilian voluntary civil support service, difference on how military conducts civil support missions between before and after the calamity-preventing negotiation was enacted; at last, the thesis will be concluded with a complete analysis and after-action-review, and based on the conclusion, I will bring up final suggestions for the government to adopt in calamity-preventing policies and strengthen current civil support mechanism.

並列關鍵字

Typhoon Morakot ； Disaster Prevention and Protection Act ； Operating Procedures ； Relief Mechanism

參考文獻

盧建強，政府災害救援與軍隊動員-美國卡崔娜颶風與我國九二一地震救災之比

陳又新，「地方政府災害應變中心運作的關鍵成功因素之研究」。中央警察大學消防

廖威彥，「臺灣地區各縣市災害防救能力評估之研究」。朝陽科技大學建築及都市設

王銘福，「我國派遣軍隊從事災害救援之執行現況與問題改善之研究」

莫拉克颱風災後重建推動委員會網頁，http:88flood.www.gov.tw/work.php#5。最