人口販運兼具跨境性與組織性兩項特質,其所生暴利相當可觀,次於毒品與軍火走私,為全球化進程所衍生之負面效應。而人口販運對基本人權與人性尊嚴戕害至鉅,堪稱「現代的奴隸制度」。 面對跨國(境)人口販運問題,國際社會發展出的防制策略涵蓋「預防」(prevention)、「保護」(protection)、「查緝起訴」(prosecution)以及「夥伴關係」(partnership)。我國當局的防制重點亦循其四步驟:由初始的犯罪預防,到對受害者的妥適保護,及對加害者的查緝起訴,並加強與非政府組織之合作交流,俾提升政府全面的執法效能。 為了呼應世界人權保障標準,我國於防制人口販運之進程愈漸著重被害人保護的環節;經過數年努力,已然呈現出稍具規模的政策網絡。申言之,本文著眼被害人保護觀點(victim-centered perspective),透過問題詮釋面、規範探討面及機制發展面等各層面論述,以描繪出我國人口販運被害人保護政策之發展脈絡;並將之帶入(3+1)i決策模型,以探討政策的回饋與效能。
Human trafficking possesses the characteristics of trans-regional and organized. The windfall profit is rather huge, just second to drugs and arms smuggling. It is a negative effect resulted from globalization. Human trafficking damages human rights and human dignity so much that it can be called “modern slavery”. Nowadays, the strategies have been developed by the foreign governments and international organizations confronting trans-regional human trafficking, including prevention, protection, prosecution and partnership. Our government also follows the four steps mentioned above, starting from the initial criminal prevention to proper protection of the victims; enhancing the investigation and prosecution of the victimizers; strengthening the cooperation with non-governmental organizations to upgrade the overall effectiveness of law enforcement. Besides, the process of Taiwan’s combating human trafficking gradually focuses on the protection of victims. After the effort of the recent years, the policy network has reached some scale. The thesis focuses on victim-centered perspective, elaborating through the respects of the victim issues, exploration of stipulations and the development of mechanism, describing the development of the protection policy for the victims of human trafficking in our country. And (3+1)i decision-making model is used to explore the feedback and efficacy of the victim-protection policy.