- 學位論文
中美能源戰略之探討─以雙方在非洲石油競爭為例
The Study of Energy Security and Strategy U.S. and China Competition in Africa Oil Riches
摘要
非洲大陸擁有豐富石油資源，已探明石油儲量占世界的8％。在現實主義考量下美國將確保能源安全，列入國家對外政策的優先考慮範圍，採取軍事與外交手段，確保地區內政經情勢穩定，並排除其他強權成為區域內戰略利益的競爭者。美國試圖影響或操控油價以遏阻中國經濟快速的成長、作為中國石油安全主體的石化企業屢屢遭受來自美國的政治力干預。中國儼然已是美國最大的競爭對手，未來針對能源的競爭勢必造成雙方更激烈的利益衝突。 本論文嘗試以現實主義為理論基礎，探討作為一個崛起大國及區域霸權角色的中國，是否甘願被動的接受美國的國際資源分配，或藉由「中非合作論壇（Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, FOCAC）」的模式以不干涉各國內政的態度，金援非洲國家來達到成為第三世界發言人的地位；迥然於中國的立場，以美國為首的「非洲成長暨機會法（African Growth and Opportunity Act, AGOA）」對非洲各會員國最明顯的要求，卻是達到「良善治理（Good Governance）」的目標。 中國無條件式的慷慨解囊、美國以普世人權價值作為資助的交換條件，究竟孰能獲得非洲諸國的青睞，非洲國家又該如何選擇一條屬於非洲人可長久持續發展的道路將是本篇論文研究的重點。
並列摘要
Africa posses 8 percent of the world’s proven petroleum reserves. From Perspective of school of Realism in International Relationship, United States has put high priority on her best interests. By utilizing military and diplomacy as national tools, U.S. likes to see a stable energy source and tries to exclude other energy competitors in same region. This will escalate regional conflicts due to compete for each other’s own interest in near future. The study is based on the Perspective of school of Realism in International Relationship. It studies that if a rising power, China, will subside to an existing one, U.S., under existing world natural resources distribution.Two great powers have each own strategy of energy security agenda. China brings economic assist to Africa nations through Forum on china-Africa cooperation, FOCAC. It states no hands on interior affairs of Africa nations and seem to be the advocator of the third world nations. On the contrary, U.S. leaded organization, Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, AGOA, is pursuing “Good Governance.” By comparing to Chinese unconditional economical assistances and Americans advocating for common value of humanity to exchange material assistances, which one is much preferred by Africa countries? And which way serves the best interest for Africans? This study will provide some insights for those who is interest in the topic.