《莊子》「以與世俗處」的倫理關懷

目前，《莊子》的倫理學之可能性，逐漸受到學界的重視，但其內涵仍然有待開發。本論主要探討《莊子》的倫理關懷，透過「跨文化批判」的視野，結合西方哲學的資源，來思考《莊子》在人世間能夠展開的倫理意義。首先，藉由「冥契主義」來理解「天人合一」在《莊子》的倫理關懷裡是非常核心的概念，並以此確立《莊子》的道德情感。其次，以法國哲學家列維納斯對「同者」之批判以及「回應」他者的倫理哲學與《莊子》展開對話，試圖開發一條能夠通往他者的倫理向度。接著，處理《莊子》對死亡的關懷，並把焦點放在自我如何克服死亡、死亡本身的必要性、他人死亡對自我的衝擊、死亡對生命的啟發四個層面來論述，最後把死亡的意義歸結為倫理的意義。《莊子》的倫理關懷仍然有很大的發展空間，本論只是做一個嘗試，期望日後能夠進一步思考這個議題。

關鍵字

他者；批判；冥契主義；倫理關懷；莊子；死亡

並列摘要

The idea of Zhuangzi having an ethics philosophy is getting more and more attention in the academics, its contents are widely discussed and yet to be developed. This paper mainly tried to explore how Zhuangzi’s ethical care apply to the current society, through the “cross-cultural criticism” perspective, with the help of western philosophy. First, by using the mysticism approach to understand “tian ren he yi”（天人合一）as a very important concept of Zhuangzi’s ethical care, laying the foundation of Zhuangzi’s moral emotion. Secondly, dialogue between Levinas and Zhuangzi about criticism of “the same” and the ethics of “response” to others. Thirdly, focus in Zhuangzi’s idea of death: how the self overcomes death; the necessity of death; the effect of others’ death to the self; the enlightment of death to life. And finally, suggesting the meaning of death as the meaning of Zhuangzi’s ethics. Zhuangzi’s ethical care is still awaits for discovery and development. This paper is a preliminary attempt on the subject, hoping to make way to a more thorough discussion of the subject in near future.