外國專利權保護改善對臺灣製造業出口的影響：差異中的差異法之應用

本文使用1989年至2005年臺灣對五十個國家的半導體、資訊、通訊、鞋業、紙業和成衣產業之出口資料，驗證1994年簽訂TRIPs後專利權保護程度的提升是否會提升臺灣的專利敏感產業出口，將資料依產業分為專利敏感與專利不敏感產業，國家則有兩種分法，一種是按照Liu and Lin (2005) 定義的技術領先與技術落後分類，另一種是依照TRIPs規定的達成年限分成開發中國家與已開發國家，使用能夠排除固定效果與難以觀察的因素的「差異中的差異法」進行比對分析。實證結果顯示，在以技術水準分類的國家群組間並沒有顯著的差異，而在以國家發展程度分類的群組的post-TRIPs時期，專利權保護程度的提升讓臺灣對開發中國家 (相對於已開發國家) 的專利敏感產業 (相對於專利不敏感產業) 的出口增加。

關鍵字

與貿易有關之智慧財產權協定；差異中的差異法；出口；專利權保護程度

並列摘要

This study aims to examine the impact of TRIPs on how strengthening patent rights (PRs) in foreign countries may stimulate the Taiwanese exports in six manufacturing industries by using a panel of 50 foreign destinations over the period of 1989-2005. The Difference in Differences (DID) approach is introduced to control for fixed effects and other unobserved factors which may bias the estimation. For comparison purposes, we first define these six industries as "patent-sensitive" (semiconductor, information and communication equipment) or "patent-insensitive" (footwear, paper and clothing), and then group foreign destinations in two different ways. The first follows Liu and Lin (2005) and groups countries as "technology leaders" if having stronger R&D ability than Taiwan or "technology followers" if having weaker R&D ability. The other follows Ivus (2010) and groups countries as "developed" or "developing" countries. The empirical results confirm that the Taiwanese manufacturing exports to developing countries (compared to developed countries) in patent-sensitive industries (compared to patent insensitive industries) increases with the improvement of foreign PRs protection during the post-TRIPs period.

並列關鍵字

TRIPs ； exports ； DID ； patent rights protection

參考文獻

臺灣經濟研究院（2013），《2013產業技術白皮書》，臺北：臺灣經濟研究院。

Bertrand, M., E. Duflo and S. Mullainathan (2002), “How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119, 249-275.

Briggs, K. (2013), “Does Patent Harmonization Impact the Decision and Volume of High Technology Trade?” International Review of Economics and Finance, 25, 35-51.

Canals, C. and F. Şener (2014), “Offshoring and Intellectual Property Rights Reform,” Journal of Development Economics, 108, 17-31.

Co, C. Y. (2004), “Do Patent Rights Regimes Matter?” Review of International Economics, 12, 359-373.

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外國專利權保護改善對臺灣製造業出口的影響：差異中的差異法之應用

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