從封存到續航：退休女性投身學習和社會參與的生命敘說

中文摘要 46歲非計畫的離開職場，53歲突然喪偶，是研究者在中年期遭遇的兩次重大斷裂。研究者以積極學習和投身社會參與而自我賦能，且得以走出困境。再者因個人的實務背景中常會應用敘事及生命回顧同理及陪伴婦女。爰此本研究採用質性研究的「敘說分析」為方法，將研究者視為主體，運用「艦艇」作為隱喻，構築個人退休後重新自我建構的歷程，並進一步探析個人與社會文化脈絡的關係進行研究。根據研究結果發現，個人自我建構的過程中受到女性主義及公民素養之社會文化交互影響。並將個人經驗融入社會文化脈絡後提出以下結論。首先在生命敘說方面，本研究認為女性生命經驗得以在敘事的解構及再建構中重新賦予意義，且生命敘說有助於調適和統整個人觀點和生命意義，可以為進入下一個生命階段預作準備。其次在女性學習方面，本研究提出以下結論，(1)退休女性可經由萃取生命經驗，及轉化學習而重新建構自我圖像。(2)社會支持和正向的社會互動，有助於女性學習。(3)成人學習是提升公民素養與促進公民參與的最佳途徑。其三在社會文化與自我建構的關係上，女性對於所處之社會文化脈絡越清晰，自我建構的過程會更順遂。而納入性別差異的女性學習，對於女性意識建構，及社會參與的提升，有直接和確切的效益。此外，社會參與在自我建構中扮演了驅動和實踐的角色，不僅可培養其所需具備的公民素養，並能滿足女性自我實現的需要，進而增加女性的自主性和幸福感。最後，根據本研究結論對於退休或與研究者有相似境遇的女性、教育單位及後續研究提出相關建議。

關鍵字

公民素養；女性意識；社會參與；成人學習；自我建構；生命敘說

並列摘要

Abstract The researcher faced 2 major fractures at her middle age, unplanned retirement from her career at 46 and the bereft of her spouse at 53. The researcher got out of the dilemma by positive learning and social activities participation to rebuild herself. The researcher use narrative and life review to accompany female by her personal background. This paper is made by qualitative research through narrative analysis. The researcher is the main body to use ship as a metaphor and build the self-construction after personal retirement; furthermore to study and research the relation between personal and social culture. From the research, the process of the self-construction was mutually influenced by feminism and civic literacy of the social culture, and integrates the personal experience to social culture to come into the following conclusions. Life Narrative: the research thinks the female life experience could be given new meaning by narrative structure and rebuild. Life narrative helps to adjust and consolidate personal view and life meaning and prepare to enter next life period. Female learning: the research concludes 1) The retired female could rebuild self-image by extracting life experience and learning. 2) The social support and positive relation could help female learning. 3) The adult learning is the best way to promote civic literacy and civic participation. The Social culture and self-construction: 1) The social culture vein female faced is clearer; the self-constructed process will be more smother. 2) The female learning including sexual difference will affect female awareness construction and the promotion of social participation directly and exactly. 3) Social participation plays the driving and practicing role in the self-construction; not only to cultivate the necessary civic literacy, but also fulfill the need of self- achievement to increase the female autonomy and happiness. According to the conclusion, the researcher would like to submit the related suggestions to the retired female or the female of the same circumstance, the education unit and the follow-up research.