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  • 學位論文

以組織發展段階模式探討台灣軍事院校組織變革過程─以空軍航空技術學院為例

Exploring the Process of Organization Change in Taiwan Military Institution From the Stage Model of Organizational Change─

指導教授 : 蔡展維

摘要


我國軍事院校在<軍事教育條例>頒行後,已從保守、穩定中逐漸走向多元與開放,同樣必須面對相較以往複雜的環境,除接受國防部所賦予「為用而訓」之教育任務外,更兼受教育部「全人教育」政策之指導。軍事教育既已回歸國家整體教育的一環,同樣地在面對少子化問題等內、外環境的衝擊下,勢必採取變革手段;而現階段的軍事院校尚須同時達成以下相衝突且矛盾的管理目地,分別為行政效率最簡化、教育品質最大化及資源分配最適化。因此,建構一雙元之管理系統,確實是未來軍事院校管理之當務之急。 本研究之主要目的在於導入「組織發展段階模式」以解釋軍事院校組織變革之重要性,並透過探討矩陣式組織於軍事院校管理之運用,期待找出未來軍事院校管理之重點。採用此模式之原因在於軍事組織的型態適合以「組織發展段階模式」的觀點,即軍事組織能在某一時間內即能轉換成一個新的組織架構,有別於「漸進式」的組織變革。為了充分說明軍校管理之組織變革過程,本研究以「空軍航空技術學院」為研究對象對理論性架構進行驗證。經過深度訪談後之結果發現,軍事院校確實依照環境的複雜程度與規模大小採用不同程度之組織架構,例如個案學校在面對效率重視的課題時,採行功能式組織結構;而在面對效能重視及市場需求時,則將原有功能式組織變革為事業部組織;當同時需面對兩種壓力時,則發展至矩陣式組織,以增加彈性回應不同之需求。個案之結果驗證了本研究理論性架構之可行性。 本研究之重大結論為以下三點,首先,「組織設計」只說明管理者在面臨的時空背景下,應選擇和管理何種組織結構,而「組織變革」強調的是組織隨著規模的擴大,其重新設計與轉型的動態過程。換言之,「組織設計」是靜態的概念,「組織變革」則為動態的觀點。沒有一種組織能保持一成不變,都可能由於外界環境的改變,甚至是本身的成長,使得原來的組織架構變為不再適合。良好的組織設計也是一種競爭力的來源,而在結構追隨策略的架構下,更重要的是策略亦須能追隨環境,並影響組織對其結構適時做出改變。其次,組織變革非主觀意識,而是組織在面對內、外環境變化的壓力下,不得不重整其資源以改善其對環境的適應力。也惟有組織及其管理者能即時察覺環境的變化並有計劃的付諸行動,組織變革才能成功。最後,當外界壓力使組織必須從事兩方面努力,如為了同時回應顧客的需求又能有效率的產出時,「矩陣式組織」是一種可行的組織結構。矩陣式組織主要結合功能別組織與事業別組織的優點,除了發展專業技術的功能性永久部門外,另包含了負責整合、溝通、協調各功能單位的專案經理部門,使組織增加彈性以因應特定需求。

並列摘要


After the Act of Military Education has been put into operation, the military academies have to face more complicated environment than before. They have to meet both of the educational missions of the Ministry of National Defense, and the policies of the Ministry of Education. Furthermore, they need to cope with different managerial objectives that contradict to each other, such as streamlining in the administrative efficiency, maximization of the educational quality, and optimization of the resource allocation. Therefore, establishing a bi-management system is extremely crucial for military academies or colleges in the coming future. This research aims to introduce Stage Model of Organizational Change so as to explain the importance of Organizational Changes in military academies. Meanwhile, it locates the managerial main points in academies through the discussion on Matrix Organization applied the military academy management. The reason why taking this model is that military organizations are more appropriate to be viewed by Stage Model of Organizational Change, which means that the organization can transform its structure within limited time. It differs from “step by step” Organizational Changes. The Air Force Institute of Technology is the subject of this study. After conducting several deep interviews with personnel concerned, it is found that military academies truly adopt various organizational structures according to the environmental complexity. For instance, the subject adopts functional organizational structure when facing efficiency issues, changes into Divisional Organization when facing effect issues, and develops to Matrix Organization when facing two pressures at the same time. This study has three conclusions. First, Organizational Design means that a manager should, when facing different situations, choose a specific organizational structure while Organizational Change emphasizes the dynamic process of organization redesign and transform. In other word, Organizational Design is a static concept but Organizational Change is dynamic. Second, Organizational Change is not a subjective concept but an adaption after facing pressure from both the outer and inner of the organization, rearranging the resources to improve the environment. Last, when the pressure forces the organization to make effort for assigned mission from both sides, with timely response to the needs of customers and efficient production, Matrix Organization is a feasible organizational structure.

參考文獻


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