漁業在許多國家中的就業、收入來源、糧食安全扮演重要角色,台灣昔日更素有養殖王國美稱,然而目前對漁業技術之發展鮮少有系統性研究,職是之故,本研究採用「總體觀點與個體觀點兼顧」之觀念,透過專利分析,探討整體台灣及中國漁業技術發展趨勢,而其中台灣養殖漁業之研發能量分佈及優勢為何,並藉由個案研究進一步瞭解,個體養殖廠商在專利權應用及管理之情形,以作為養殖漁業未來建構專利佈局及技術策略規劃之依據。 本研究蒐集APIPA全球專利檢索系統資料庫中,獲得台灣1958-2008年共2,230件、中國1985-2008年共6,145件之有效專利資料,這些專利共分成捕撈、養殖、水產製造三大領域技術,依此進行專利分析。 研究結果顯示,台灣養殖技術以水循環、過濾設備及養殖方法之技術為主,廠商偏向自行研發,且研發團隊多為2- 4人之規模,顯示私人企業研發能力強。專利權申請早期重視量化逐漸朝向質變,申請策略首要考量技術是否有具備商品化能力、產值,而整體技術策略屬於「發展防禦型」,廠商相當注重技術的創新發展,及保持技術的具體性及完整性,並將專利權納入經營策略的重要議題之一。
Fishery has been played an important role in many countries, especially in the employment, income sources, and food security. Taiwan was known as the kingdom of aquaculture in the past years. The research used the concept of “macro perspective and micro perspective”, through the patent analysis to explore the development trend of fishery technologies in Taiwan and China. Compare with China we can find the advantages of fishery technologies in Taiwan, then use case study to investigate how the aquaculture companies management their patents. The scope of this research includes Taiwan and China fishery which is correlated with patents of aquaculture technologies from 1958 to 2008 and 1985 to 2008 by using APIPA database, and there are 2,230 patents in Taiwan and 6,145 patents in China. The patents divided into fishing, aquaculture and aquatic products. The results show that the major aquaculture technologies in Taiwan are water cycle, filtering equipment and technology-based farming. Most companies tend to team R&D for 2 to 4 people. It shows that private companies have strong R&D capability. The patent application is from amount to gradually towards to aquaculture and their application strategy firstly should be concerned about the commercialization capacity. Technology strategy is "the development of defense", company to focus on technology innovation, and maintain technologies specificity and integrity, and patent is one of the important topics of business strategy