飼糧中添加竹醋液對肉雞生長性能、腸道性狀及屠體品質之影響

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Bamboo Vinegar on Growth Performances, Intestinal Characteristics and Carcass Quality in Broilers

傅薰平(Syun-Ping Fu)

指導教授 ： 謝豪晃

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/動物科學與畜產系/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2013.00037

摘要

本研究旨在探討飼糧中添加竹醋液，對肉雞生長性能、腸道性狀及屠體品質之影響。試驗一選用1日齡艾維因(Avian)肉雛雞264隻，公母混飼，分為4處理組：BD(基礎飼糧)、BV1(BD + 0.25%竹醋液)、BV2(BV + 0.5%竹醋液)、BM(BD + 0.25%竹醋液 + 0.2%竹碳)，每處理各3重複，每重複22隻。試驗二使用艾維因(Avian)公肉雛雞360隻，採6處理 × 3重複之試驗設計，每欄20隻，並於28日至35日齡各處理組逢機選取體重相近的3隻雞進行代謝試驗。6處理組分別為：A組（基礎飼糧BD）、B組（BD + 0.5%竹醋液）、C組（BD + 0.75%竹醋液）、D組（BD - 0.5%油脂添加量）、E組（D + 0.5%竹醋液）及F組（BD添加0.2%竹醋液於飲水中）。飼糧及飲水皆採任食。於14、28日齡及試驗結束時進行生長性能測定，雞隻個別秤重並記錄每欄之飼料消耗量。試驗結束後，每處理組逢機選取6隻與平均體重相近之雞隻犧牲，進行屠體品質、腸道性狀及肌肉之一般組成分分析。代謝試驗部份，試驗二於28日齡時，每處理選取3隻體重相近雞隻，置於個別代謝籠，採全糞收集法，進行雞隻營養分利用率之測定。試驗一結果顯示，在第14，28和38日齡之生長性能測定，對於平均體重、隻日採食量、隻日增重及飼料效率在各處理間，皆無顯著差異，顯示添加竹醋液並不影響雞隻正常生長。肌肉之一般組成分測定結果顯示，添加竹醋液之BV1、BV2及BM組均比BD處理組，降低胸肉(0.26, 0.45, 0.20 vs. 0.69%)及腿肉(4.57, 3.59, 2.40 vs. 6.23%)的粗脂肪含量。腸道形態結果顯示，添加0.5%竹醋液處理組，顯著較其他各處理組有較高的空腸(543.92 vs. 414.25, 467.76, 468.72 μm)及迴腸(533.85 vs. 459.25, 398.23, 472.76 μm)絨毛高度，且在絨毛高度及腺窩深度比值，以添加0.5%竹醋液處理組，於迴腸顯著較對照組提高(7.91 vs. 5.28)。
試驗二結果顯示，生長前期(1-14日齡)B處理組顯著較D處理組有較高的隻日採食量（37.23 vs. 35.63 g），但全期則無顯著差異。屠體性狀結果顯示，F處理組較A處理組，有顯著較高的屠體率（83.20 vs. 80.97%）；但在華氏囊重量百分比，B處理組顯著較對照組降低(0.11 vs. 0.18%)。肌肉一般組成分顯示，胸肉部分在B、C處理組比D、E處理組，有較高的水分含量(P < 0.05)；腿肉則以B處理組顯著較D處理組有較佳的保水性(water holding capacity, WHC)。脛骨性狀測定結果顯示，B、C處理組比A組，有較高的脛骨灰分百分比（54.96, 55.58 vs. 53.67% DM）及脛骨應力（266.08, 256.19 vs. 187.57 kg / cm2）。營養分利用結果顯示B、F處理組較A處理組，粗脂肪消化率(89.51, 91.45 vs. 86.95%)、蛋白質消化率(69.09, 72.29 vs. 68.23%)及灰分消化率(39.45, 35.70 vs. 35.29%)有較佳的趨勢。
綜合上述結果顯示，添加竹醋液於飼糧中，並未顯著影響雞隻生長性能，但可改善雞隻空腸及迴腸的絨毛形態，並有提高脛骨灰分及應力之效果；在飲水中添加0.2%竹醋液，顯著提高雞隻屠體率。

關鍵字

竹醋液 ； 肉雞 ； 生長性能 ； 腸道形態

並列摘要

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of bamboo vinegar on growth performances, intestinal characteristics and carcass quality in broilers. In Exp. 1, two hundred and sixty four day-old Avian broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments × 3 replications with 22 birds in each pen. Four treatments were (BD) basal diet, (BV1) BD + 0.25% bamboo vinegar, (BV2) BD + 0.5% bamboo vinegar, (BM) BD + 0.25% bamboo vinegar + 0.2% bamboo charcoal. In Exp. 2, three hundred and sixty day-old male Avian broilers were randomly allotted into 6 treatments × 3 replications with 20 birds in each pen. The 6 treatments were: (A) basal diet, (B) A + 0.5% bamboo vinegar, (C) A + 0.75% bamboo vinegar, (D) A – 0.5% oil, (E) D + 0.5% bamboo vinegar, (F) A + 0.2% bamboo vinegar in drinking water. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Birds were weighed individually and feed consumption was recorded at 14, 28 days of age and end of experiment. After growth trial, six birds from each treatment were randomly selected for intestinal morphology, carcass characteristics and muscle composition test. Three birds from each treatment of Exp. 2 were placed into individual cages for metabolic test at 28 days of age. Metabolic test were conducted from 28 to 35 days of age.
The results from Exp. 1 showed that no significant differences were observed in body weight, feed intake and F/G ratio among all treatment groups at 14, 28 and 38 days of age. The results of muscle composition showed that group BV1, BV2, and BM significantly decreased crude fat content of breast meat (0.26, 0.45, 0.20 vs. 0.69%) and leg meat (4.75, 3.59, 2.40 vs. 6.23%) compared to the group BD. The villus height in the jejunum and ileum were significantly increased in group BV2 as compared to all other groups (P < 0.05), however, the ileum villus height crypt ratio was significantly increased in group BV2 as compared to group BD (7.91 vs. 5.28).
The results in Exp. 2 showed that group B had higher average daily feed intake (37.23 vs. 35.63 g) than group D during 0-14 days of age. The group F significantly increased carcass dressing percentage (83.20 vs. 80.97%), but the bursa percentage was decreased as compare to group A (0.11 vs. 0.18%). The results of muscle composition showed that group B, and C significantly increased breast meat moisture compared to the group D and E, and the group B significantly increased thigh meat water holding capacity compared to the group D (P < 0.05). The tibia traits showed that group B and C had higher tibia ash percentage (54.96, 55.58 vs. 53.67% DM), and tibia stress (266.08, 256.19 vs. 187.57 kg/cm2). The results of metabolic test showed that crude fat, crude protein and ash utilization were improved when group B and F were compared to group A.
The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatment groups, but it can improve the chickens in the jejunum and ileum villus morphology and improve tibia ash and stress. However, the supplementation of 0.2% bamboo vinegar in drinking water significantly increased carcass dressing percentage.

並列關鍵字

Bamboo vinegar ； Broiler ； Growth performance ； Intestinal morphology

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