洋香瓜有機種苗生產暨施用有機質肥對植株生育及土壤性質研究

Study on organic seedling production and effects of organic fertilizer on soil properties and growth of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

武紅孟(Vo Hong Manh)

指導教授 ： 王鐘和

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/博士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00004

摘要

摘要
學號: P10122024
論文題目: 洋香瓜有機種苗生產暨施用有機質肥對植株生育及土壤性質研究
總頁數: 185頁
學校名稱: 國立屏東科技大學 系（所）別 : 熱帶農業暨國際合作系
畢業時間及摘要別: 103學年度第1學期博士學位論文摘要
研究生: 武紅孟 　　 指導教授: 王鐘和博士
論文摘要內容:
本試驗於國立屏東科技大學土壤及肥料管理實驗室和永續農業農場，為期2年的時間完成（西元2012-2013年及西元2013-2014年）。實驗主要目的 (1) 於溫室培養條件下，評估不同來源材料之基質對於洋香瓜種苗之營養吸收及生長影響; (2) 於溫室培養條件下，探討洋香瓜種苗對於叢枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 接種基質之影響; (3) 評估有機資材對於洋香瓜之營養吸收、生長及產量之影響； (4) 於室網培養條件下，探討各種不同來源之有機物於酸性土壤之影響。首先在第一章節部分，本研究主要在評估蚯蚓堆肥混合碳化稻殼及椰糠作為育苗基質材料，對於洋香瓜種苗營養吸收及生長之影響，同時也著手研究叢枝菌根真菌(Glomus mossea (Gm), Glomus etunicatum (Ge)) 接種至基質上，對於洋香瓜種苗營養吸收之效果。於第二章節，主要在探討連續二季 (2013秋冬季及2014春季) 在網室培養條件下，利用牛糞堆肥及雞糞堆肥做為有機質肥料，以不同比率之有機質肥料及化肥混合成的組成物，評估洋香瓜植株對於不同基質反應、營養吸收及生長情形。結果顯示(1) 利用蚯蚓堆肥混合碳化稻殼及椰糠能夠增加pH值、EC值、總通氣孔隙度、總體密度以及基質內之無機氮、有效磷、鈣、鎂含量（水樣萃取物），但
相對地減少保水性、飽和水含量以及鉀、錳、鋅與銅的含量。蚯蚓堆肥的改善並不影響銅和鋅在幼芽時期的濃度，但對於氮、磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵與錳的濃度卻具顯著性的差異。於二組試驗皆證實，增加蚯蚓堆肥至30-35%基質中，能夠增加種苗的乾重及葉片的面積。而以30% 蚯蚓堆肥比率混合碳化稻殼 (35%) 及椰糠 (35%) ，為具有最佳的物理化學性質之基質，能夠促進洋香瓜種苗的生育。(2) 利用二種不同的叢枝菌根真菌接種於基質中，能夠有效地增加氮、鉀、鈣、鎂及錳在幼苗時期的總濃度，但卻無法提高磷及其它元素的吸收。此外，以叢枝菌根真菌接種於洋香瓜育苗基質中，較對照組能夠有較高的幼苗鮮重與乾重以及葉片面積。(3)　第一季即利用牛糞堆肥及雞糞堆肥作為材料，能提高pH值、EC 值、無機氮、白雷氏磷與有機物的含量以及土壤中鉀、鈣、鎂的轉換。在相同比率條件下，雞糞堆肥 (PMC)較牛糞堆肥 (CMC)更有利於洋香瓜的生長，是因為PMC能夠提高pH值、EC值與有機物質的含量以及某些營養元素（鈣和鎂）比CMC更為優異。由於在第一季收成後，土壤內有高含量的磷、鉀、鈣、鎂殘留，因此可基於最低的Liebig定律加以說明，在此狀況下，無機氮為一產量限制主要因素。然而，利用堆肥能顯著性增加磷、鉀、鈣、鎂在土壤中的應用，若缺乏無機氮則導致植物無法攝取其他元素。而在低含量的無機氮土壤環境中，以化學及有機肥料的組合被認為是最有效的應用，相較於單一的肥料處理能達到較佳的養分吸收及生長效應，而獲得佳的洋香瓜產量。上述結果說明土壤內的養分質量、洋香瓜的產量以及葉片總營養素濃度關係成正相關。(4) 第二季土壤品質證實，較第一季實驗相對提高pH值，EC值，無機氮，白雷氏磷，陽離子交換容量以及有機物質的含量，使得土壤中含高殘留量之CMC 及PMC，進而影響土壤品質及洋香瓜的生長。第二季實驗最主要的發現在於洋香瓜生長所使用的單一種類肥料較等量氮源之化肥有顯著的差異。而單一種類肥料之應用較對照組及第一季實驗能有效提升土壤中無機氮、白雷氏碘-磷和鉀、鈣、鎂的交換以及磷、鉀、鈣、鎂濃度的總和，且所有增加的氮源皆被洋香瓜植株所使用，推測產量限制的因素而不是氮源的缺乏，反倒是經處理後的化肥較為重要。經由二種不同的堆肥試驗說明，關鍵在於營養成分而不是氮源的應用，於單一種堆肥的處理能提高洋香瓜生長，尤其是磷、鎂及 (或) 土壤的pH值提供。因此，CMC及PMC的施用被視為可永續管理土壤，且更進一步提高產能的方法。

關鍵字

洋香瓜 ； 種苗 ； 蚯蚓堆肥 ； 碳化稻殼 ； 椰糠 ； 牛糞堆肥 ； 雞糞堆肥 ； 菌根真菌

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
Student ID: P10122024
Title of dissertation: Study on organic seedling production and effects of organic fertilizer on soil properties and growth of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)
Total page: 185 pages
Name of Institute: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Graduate date: January 8th, 2015 Degree Conferred: Doctoral Degree
Name of student: Vo Hong Manh 　 　Advisor: Chong-Ho Wang, Ph.D.
The content of abstract in this dissertation:
The study was carried out for two consecutive years (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. The present study objectives (1) to evaluate the effects to difference material sources in substrate on nutrient uptake and growth of muskmelon seedling under greenhouse; (2) to investigate the responds of muskmelon seedling to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation in substrate under greenhouse condition; (3) to evaluate the effects of organic sources on nutrient uptake, growth and yield of muskmelon and (4) to know the impacts of various sources of organics on properties of the acid soil in pots under net house condition. These contents of study include two parts. First part, we evaluated the influences of mixture of vermicompost with burnt rice hulls and/or coconut husk on physical and chemical properties of substrates and

their effects nutrient uptake and growth of muskmelon seedling, contemporaneous investigating two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossea (Gm), Glomus etunicatum (Ge)) inoculation in substrates on nutrient uptake and muskmelon seedling performance. Second part, we investigated the effects of the application rates of cattle and poultry manure compost and their combination with chemical fertilizer compound on the soil chemical properties, and nutrient uptake, growth of muskmelon plant under　net house condition in two consecutive seasons (autumn –winter 2013 and spring 2014). These results indicated that (i) the mixture of vermicompost with burnt rice hull and coconut husk resulted increasing in the pH, EC, total and aeration porosity, bulk density and inorganic N, available P, Ca, Mg content (extracted by pure water) in substrates, in which it caused reducing in water holding capacity, mass wetness and content of K, Mn, Zn, and Cu. Vermicompost amendment did not affect the Cu and Zn concentration in the shoot but significantly influenced N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentration in the shoot. The addition of vermicompost to substrates up to 30-35 % increased seedling dry weight and leaf area in both experiment. And mixture of vermicompost with 30 % ratio in burn rice hull (35 %) and coconut husk (35%) gave the best condition of physicochemical characteristic of substrate resulted in improving muskmelon seedling performance. (ii) Inoculation of both AMF species in substrates significantly increased concentrations of total N, K, Ca, Mg and Mn in the shoot but did not enhance uptake of P and other elements. The AMF inoculated muskmelon seedling was higher shoot fresh and dry weight and leaf area compared to control. (iii) In the first season, application of cattle and poultry manure compost raised pH, EC, organic matter content, inorganic-N, Bray-P, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg content in the soil. In equivalent application rates, poultry manure compost was more efficient for muskmelon growth compared to cattle manure compost because poultry manure compost improve pH, EC, organic matter content and some nutrient elements (Ca, Mg) better than those CMC. There were large excess amounts of P, K, Ca, and Mg in soil after harvesting, may be explained based on Liebig's Law of the minimum. In this situation, inorganic-N is a yield-limiting factor. Although the composts application significantly increased the available P, K, Ca, and Mg in soil, a lack of inorganic-N resulted plants could not uptake other elements. (iv) In the second season, there was a large residual effect of cattle and poultry manure compost application rates on soil properties and muskmelon plant growth. The increasing in the pH, EC, Inorganic-N, bray-P, exchangeable cations and organic matter contents in the soil clearly expressed, compared to control and in the first season application. The greatest difference of second season was the applications of single compost significantly raise muskmelon growth compared to muskmelon receiving an equal amount of N through treatments combination with chemical fertilizer in the second season application. The application of single compost resulted higher soil inorganic-N, Bray-I-P and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg content as well as concentration of total P, K, Ca, Mg in the leaf compared control and first season; and all increased N utilization efficiency by muskmelon, suggesting that yield-limiting factors other than N deficiencies were of lesser importance than in the treatments receiving chemical fertilizer. Nutrients other than N applied via the both composts, particularly P, Mg and/or soil pH, may have contributed to the higher growth of muskmelon plant in treatments receiving single compost. Cattle and poultry manure composts amendments can be viewed as important step for sustainable land management with increased productivity.

並列關鍵字

Muskmelon ； seedling ； vermicompost ； burn rice hull ； coconut husk ； poultry manure compost ； cattle manure compost ； arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

參考文獻

Pandey, S. K., and Singh, H. (2011). A simple, cost-effective method for leaf area estimation. Journal of Botany 2011, 1-6

Adekiya, A. O., and Agbede, T. M. (2009). Growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by poultry manure and NPK fertilizer. Emirates Journal Food Agriculture 21, 10-20.

Agba, O. (2004). Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus On the Growth and Yield Of Egusi Melon (Colocynthis citrullus) in Cross River State. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 2, 1-7.

Agu, C. A. (2004). Growth and yield responses of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) to poultry manure applications and staking techniques in southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 24, 5-10.

Ambus, P., L., Kure, K., and Jensen, E. S. (2002). Gross N transformation after application of household compost and domestic sewage sludge on agricultural soils. Agronomy 22, 723-730.