亞撒哈拉地區小額信貸機構的總要素生產力之研究

Total Factor Productivity of Microfinance Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa

奧斯曼(Ousman Sanyang)

指導教授 ： 陳淑恩 ； 鍾惠雯

國立屏東科技大學/國際學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2015.00110

摘要

透過對經濟較差的家庭提供財務服務，小額信貸機構（MFIs）對亞撒哈拉非洲地區（SSA）的社會經濟繁榮相當有貢獻。本研究之研究目的是在探討亞撒哈拉地區小額信貸機構的總要素生產力（TFP）。本研究是利用SSA 的60家MFIs 2006年至2012年間共420筆的年資料，以實證資料包絡分析法（DEA）中產出導向的Malmquist生產力指數。在MFIs的效率評估中，本研究選用勞動力與營業費用為二投入項，選用總儲蓄（存款減放款）、毛放款組合、與未償貸款數為三產出項。
研究結果顯示SSA小額信貸機構的TFP在研究期間平均上升了7.6％；此上升主要是受惠於技術效率變動（TEC）上升了9.9%，而不是平均下降了2.1%的技術變動（TC）。研究中的60家小額信貸機構中，有57%在研究期間技術退縮。在研究期間，2010到2011年是改善最顯著的一年；2010到2011年TEC、TC、規模效率變動（SE）、TFP分別成長24.1%、17.4%、17.1%和45.7%。進一步分解TEC，TEC的改善主要是來自研究期間純技術效率變動（PTE）提升5.9%，而不是提升3.8%的SE。變異數分析結果顯示：不同法人類型的MFIs之TFP並無顯著不同。依據本研究結果，建議SSA的MFIs應改善技術，追求最適規模，更新財務資料，與加強MFIs業者間的合作，以提升MFIs的生產力。

關鍵字

總要素生產力 ； Malmquist生產力指數 ； 小額信貸機構 ； 亞撒哈拉非洲地區

並列摘要

Through providing range of financial services to economically disadvantage households, microfinance institutions (MFIs) contribute to the socio-economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the productivity changes of SSA MFIs. A balanced panel dataset of 420 yearly observations with 60 SSA MFIs during 2006-2012 was applied to the output-oriented Malmquist productivity index (MPI) in Data Evolvement Analyses (DEA). Two inputs (personnel and operating expense) and three outputs (total saving, gross loan portfolio, and number of loans outstanding) were selected in the efficiency assessment of MFIs.
The results indicated that SSA MFIs exhibited 7.6% of productivity progress during the study period mainly attributed to technical efficiency change (TEC), yearly growth 9.9%, rather than technological change (TC), yearly growth -2.1%, with 57% of the 60 MFIs experiences technologically deterioration. Notably, the period of 2010-2011 was the peak of improvements with 24.1%, 17.4%, 17.1%, and 45.7% yearly growth of the TEC, TC, scale efficiency (SE), and total factor productivity (TFP) respectively. By further decomposing technical efficiency into its additives, it was found that pure technical efficiency (PTE), growth 5.9%, mostly contributed to the TEC improvement of the MFIs rather than SE, growth 3.8%, during the study period. Through ANOVA test, productivity changes were insignificantly different between different legal statuses of MFIs. As the results, SSA MFIs need to pursue technological progress and optimum scale size, financial data need to be updated and enhance regional collaboration within the industry to improve the productivity of the MFIs are suggested.

並列關鍵字

total factor productivity ； Malmquist productivity index ； microfinance institutions ； Sub-Saharan Africa

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