無離合器式自動手排變速箱之自動換檔控制

Shift control of clutchless Automated Manual Transmission

林聖瑜(Sheng-Yu Lin)

指導教授 ： 曾全佑 ； 余致賢

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/車輛工程系所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2011.00032

摘要

電動車的動力馬達若利用一般的工具機馬達，必須配置多檔位的變速箱，否則難以同時兼顧車輛高扭力與高速的模式。本研究主要針對電動車的動力馬達，探討一種無離合器式自動手排變速箱(Clutchless Automated Manual Transmission, CLAMT)的自動換檔控制技術。自動手排變速箱(AMT)為目前車輛所使用的各種變速系統中，效率最高且加速性能最佳的自動變速系統。目前內燃引擎車輛所使用的AMT，除了自動換檔系統外，必須搭配自動控制的離合器，然而離合器控制與機構較為複雜，且成本較高。因為電動馬達與內燃機相較，具備反應快速的特性，電動馬達所使用的變速箱可以省略離合器，而節省成本與系統之複雜性，然而在控制上必須進行變速齒輪組主動件與被動件之轉速同步控制(synchronization control)，以使換檔過程平順且快速入檔。
本研究將傳統手排變速箱結合一顆9KW BLDC馬達做為電動車的動力源。其中，MT的手動換檔機構改型成為由兩個小馬達驅動的電動換檔機構，拆除離合器，安裝各種感測器，然後以數位訊號處理器製作AMT控制器，並設計自動換檔控制邏輯。由實驗平台之實驗結果顯示，所開發的系統已經可以平順地進行自動換檔。在同步控制上，本文首先進行系統判別，建立馬達的數學模式，然後建立前饋搭配回饋控制器，該控制器之性能與分段PI控制器之性能比較顯示，效果更佳且較容易實現。

關鍵字

無離合器式自動手排變速箱 ； 系統辨識 ； 電動車

並列摘要

Vehicles with automatic manual transmission (AMT) for gear shift offer many advantages in terms of reduction of fuel consumption, improvement of driving comfort, and shifting quality. The AMT can either automatically shift gears using appropriate actuators mounted on manual transmission (MT) according to driver’s power command and driving conditions, or in accordance with driver’s gear command through shifting level. Conventional AMT for vehicles powered by internal combustion engine (ICE) requires an electronic controlled clutch to separate or engage engine power to the MT for gear change smoothly, because of high inertia of the ICE, which complicates the system and thus with high cost. In this study, an AMT design without the use of the clutch for electric vehicle (EV) is studied. The idea is mainly based on the fact that the inertia of the power motor of EV is generally quite small compared with that of the ICE. This enable synchronize electronically the rotating speed of driving gears with driven gears in the MT gearbox during the gear change operations. This thesis introduces the design of the CL AMT and its feasibility was verified through a test rig.

並列關鍵字

Clutchless Automated Manual Transmission ； System identification ； Electric vehicle

參考文獻

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